1. The Bill of Rights The First 10 Amendments to the Constitution
Take notes on the slides as they appear.
Draw pictures to represent the amendments.

2. Who determines what the Bill of Rights mean?
Contents
The Supreme Court makes rulings on the meaning.
The Supreme Court balances the rights of the individual with the needs of society.

3. 1st Amendment
The 1st Amendment guarantees freedom of religion, speech, the press, assembly, and petition.
This means that we all have the right to:
practice any religion we want to
to speak freely
to assemble (meet)
to address the government (petition)
to publish newspapers, TV, radio, Internet (press)

5. Free Speech Free Speech
“Congress shall make no laws abridging the freedom of speech.”
Limits:
Threaten to blow up airplanes, schools, or the president
Sexual harassment
Create too much social chaos
Extremely crude language in a public forum
Disrespectful, vulgar language in schools
Hate crimes

6. Freedom of Religion Establishment clause Free Exercise clause
“Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise there of.”
Two clauses:
Establishment clause
Free Exercise clause

7. Establishment and free exercise clause often conflict with each other.
In schools, the religion issue is most prevalent.
A student may raise her hand and say, “Teacher, can we say an opening prayer before this test?”
If the teacher says:
“Yes,” it looks like establishment of religion.
“No,” it is denying a student free exercise.

8. Establishment Clause: Government
Cans Cannot
Teach about religions in school
Allow voluntary prayer in many instances
Transport students to a religious school
Read Bible for culture or literacy content
Set a state religion
Cannot order prayer
Teach religious doctrine in the school
Pay seminary or religious school teachers
Teach creationism

9. Free Exercise: People Can Cannot Choose any religion
Lead a prayer in most instances
Ask questions about religions
Break the law and claim it is religious belief
Raise children without education
Deprive children of basic needs

10. Freedom of the Press Can Cannot Print any political position
Make fun of people, especially politicians
Expose wrongs by the government
Say things you might not agree with
Libel– Intentionally injuring a person’s reputation by false facts
Disclose classified government secrets
Detail how to make a certain weapons

11. Freedom of Assembly: People
Can Cannot
Protest
Parade (with a permit)
Parade chanting hate slogans
Gather in public
Protest by throwing rocks and breaking windows
Hang out (loiter) on private land without owner’s permission

12. Petition the Government
You may sue the government for wrongs.
You cannot be punished for exposing wrongs by the government.
The courts decide the wrongs.

13. 2nd Amendment
The 2nd Amendment protects the right to bear arms, which means the right to own a gun.

14. What is the debate with the right to bear arms?
How much can the government do to keep guns from criminals and youth?
In order to keep guns away from criminals, does that limit the right of law abiding citizens?
Thousands of people die every year because of guns.
Thousands of crimes are prevented because of guns.

15. 3rd Amendment
The 3rd Amendment says “No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.”
This means that we cannot be forced to house or quarter soldiers.

16. 4th Amendment
The 4th Amendment protects the people from unreasonable searches and seizures.
This means that the police must have a warrant to enter our homes. It also means the government cannot take our property, papers, or us, without a valid warrant based on probable cause (good reason).

19. 5th Amendment
The 5th Amendment protects people from being held for committing a crime unless they are properly indicted, (accused)
You may not be tried twice for the same crime (double jeopardy)
You don’t have to testify against yourself in court. (Self-incrimination)
Eminent Domain

21. 6th Amendment
The 6th Amendment guarantees a speedy trial (you can’t be kept in jail for over a year without a trial)
an impartial jury (doesn’t already think you are guilty)
that the accused can confront witnesses against them (know accuser & accusation)
the accused must be allowed to have a lawyer

22. 7th Amendment
The 7th Amendment guarantees that in civil cases you may request a jury trial when suing for $20 or more.
A civil trial differs from a criminal trial. A civil trial is when someone sues someone else. A criminal trial is when the state tries to convict someone of a crime.

23. 8th Amendment
The 8th Amendment guarantees that punishments will be fair and not cruel, and that extraordinarily large bail or fines will not be set.

24. 9th Amendment
All rights not stated in the Constitution and not forbidden by the Constitution belong to the people.
This means that the states can do what they want if the Constitution does not forbid it.

25. 10th Amendment
The 10th Amendment states that any power not granted to the federal government nor denied to the States belongs to the States or to the people.

26. Civil War Amendments

27. 13th Amendment: Outlawed slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States. 14th Amendment: “Equal Protection Clause”, granted rights of citizenship to African-Americans. “Due Process Clause”, incorporation in state law. 15th Amendment: Voting rights for African-Americans; cannot deny the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

28. 17th Amendment: Popular Election of Senators; The people rather than the State legislatures would elect U.S. Senators. 18th Amendment: This amendment prohibited the distribution, consumption, and transportation of alcohol. 19th Amendment: granted Women’s suffrage. (women’s right to vote) 21st Amendment: repealed the prohibition amendment; making alcohol legal for distribution, consumption, and transportation.

29. 22th Amendment: Presidential Tenure; No President may serve more than two elected terms. 26th Amendment: Established the minimum voting age in any election in the United States cannot be more than 18 years old. 27th Amendment: Restraint on congressional salaries. (1992)

30. Delegated Powers
Expressed Powers – Powers directly stated in the Constitution.
Supremacy Clause – The National Gov’t is the Supreme law of the land. (Article VI)
Implied Powers – The authority required to carry out its expressed constitutional powers. (Not specifically stated in the constitution)
Elastic Clause – Congress can make all laws “Necessary and Proper” to carrying out the expressed powers in Article I. (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18)
Inherent Powers – Powers the national Gov’t may exercise simply because it is a government.
Things that only the National Gov’t could do.