1. The Cold War Divides the World HSCE 8.1.1Ch. 33 sec. 4
*After WWII, world nations are divided into 3 worlds
--1st –industrialized capitalist nations (US & Allies)
--2nd—Communist nations led by USSR
--3rd—Third World—developing nations, newly independent, not aligned with a superpower----
*3rd World countries were areas of competition for Cold War superpowers.
--located in Latin America, Asia, Africa
--economically poor & politically unstable
--suffered ethnic conflicts
--lack of technology & education

3. USA & Soviet Union Strategies
*Cold War powers used 3rd World to get ahead of the other.
--each side back wars of revolution, liberation, counterrevolution
--CIA & KGB = did secret operations—spying & assassination attempts
--USA gave military aid, built schools, fought poverty, sent workers (Peace Corps)
--USSR gave military & tech. help (India & Egypt)
*Many countries wanted neutrality---nonaligned nations (India & Indonesia)

4. Confrontations in Latin America
*Huge gap btwn. rich & poor in LA---they wanted aid from both superpowers
--govts. shifted btwn. democracy and dictatorships
--Communists backed the workers and revolutionaries
*1950s—Cuba is ruled by a dictator—young guy leads a revolution in Cuba
--Fidel Castro---brought social reforms and improved the economy…….but…..
---he became a HARSH dictator!—suspended elections, jailed or killed his opponents, controlled the press
--he took over U.S. owned sugar mills! Eisenhower issued an embargo……so…..Cuba turned to……?
*CIA invade Cuba to overthrow Castro, but fail = Bay of Pigs Invasion

5. *Cuban Missile Crisis---After BOP, Soviets start building missiles in Cuba—USA flips out
--U.S. & USSR come very close to nuclear war!
--Castro NOW becomes excusively dependent on Soviet Union & the U.S. has had an embargo against Cuba ever since.
*Middle East---Muslims love $$ from oil, but hate the Western influence
--Iran---W/ the help of U.S. the shah of Iran turned his country into a Western city----Muslim conseravatives hated him for it.
-1979—Islamic purists force shah to leave & return Iran to a militant, strict Islamic state.
--Ayatollah Khomeni---hated the U.S.—took hostages in ’79—released in 1981—encouraged Muslims to overthrow their govt. and become strict Islamic

6. **Soviet Satellite Nations Revolt!
*Hungary * Czechoslovakia tried to revolt against the USSR and demand freedom……
Soviet Union just invaded them, took over the government, and ruled harshly!

7. *Afghanistan---1950’s—Soviet influence in Afghan.
--1970’s—Muslim revolt threatened Soviet’s hold—1979—Soviets invade Afghan…..
--Soviet Vietnam----USSR thought it would be easy & quick, but Afghanis were tough to beat and kill, like Vietcong
--USA trains & supplies the Afghan rebels----U.S. did not want Soviets to threaten middle eastern oil supplies
--We wanted Soviets out and stopped trading with the Soviets Soviets withdraw, totally defeated……