1. Figure 3 U‑shape relationship between exercise dose and risk of atrial fibrillation (AF)
Figure 3 | U-shape relationship between exercise dose and risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). a | Proposed overall curve. b | Clinical evidence for a U-shape relationship between exercise duration of vigorous physical activity (in hours) and risk of AF15. c,d | Clinical evidence for a U-shape relationship between intensity of physical activity and risk of AF. CRF MET, cardiorespiratory fitness, metabolic equivalent. Panel b is reprinted from Calvo, N. et al. Emerging risk factors and the dose-response relationship between physical activity and lone atrial fibrillation: a prospective case-control study. Europace 18, 57–63 (2016), with permission from Oxford University Press. Panel c is reprinted from Khan, H. et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness and atrial fibrillation: a population-based follow-up study. Heart Rhythm 12, 1424–1430 (2015), with permission from Elsevier. Panel d is reprinted from Morseth, B. et al. Physical activity, resting heart rate, and atrial fibrillation: the Tromsø Study. Eur. Heart J. 37, 2307–2313 (2016), with permission from Oxford University Press.
Panel b is reprinted from Calvo, N. et al. Emerging risk factors
and the dose-response relationship between physical activity and lone atrial fibrillation:
a prospective case-control study. Europace 18, 57–63 (2016), with permission from Oxford University Press.
Panel c is reprinted from Khan, H. et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness and atrial fibrillation: a population-based follow-up study.
Heart Rhythm 12, 1424–1430 (2015), with permission from Elsevier. Panel d is reprinted from Morseth, B. et al. Physical activity,
resting heart rate, and atrial fibrillation: the Tromsø Study. Eur. Heart J. 37, 2307–2313 (2016), with permission from Oxford University Press
Guasch, E. & Mont, L. (2016) Diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management of exercise-induced arrhythmias
Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: /nrcardio