1. Covalent Bonds

2. Covalent bond = shared electrons
Shared electrons are part of the valence shell of both atoms
Covalent bonds occur between nonmetals

3. A single bond = 1 electron shared
Single covalent bonds are also called sigma bonds

4. Atoms can only form one sigma bond
For a double bond the atoms will have one sigma and one pi bond
For a triple bond the atoms will have one sigma and two pi bonds

6. Polar covalent bonds occur when the electrons are not shared equally
Unequal sharing of electrons occurs when there is a significant difference in electronegativity

7. Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons
When one atom has greater electronegativity than another it pulls more strongly on the electrons and creates unequal sharing