1. ·Mushrooms, Molds, Morels ·Eukaryotic Heterotrophs
Chapter 21: Fungi
·Mushrooms, Molds, Morels
·Eukaryotic Heterotrophs
·Have cell walls of chitin
·Absorb food
·Decomposers
·All (except yeast) are multicellular
·Composed of hyphae tangled together into a thick mass called a mycelium
·The above ground mushroom is the fruiting body and is the reproductive structure
·Most reproduce asexually and sexually

2. Classification of Fungi
·Kingdom Fungi (100,000 species)
·Classified according to structure and method of reproduction
·Four main phyla
· Common Molds
· Sac Fungi
· Club Fungi
· Imperfect Fungi
·Usually classified by the sexual phase of their life cycle

3. The Common Molds
·Phylum Zygomycota
·Black bread mold, Rhizopus stolonifer
·Rootlike hyphae are rhizoids that anchor the fungus to the bread, release digestive enzymes and absorb organic material
·Stolons are stemlike hyphae that run along the surface of the bread.
·Sporangiophores are hyphae that push up into the air and form sporangia (contains spores) at their tips

4. The Sac Fungi
·Phylum Ascomycota
·30,000 species
·largest fungi phylum
·Asexual and sexual reproduction
·Some are large enough to see, others are microscopic
·Example: Yeast (unicellular fungi)

5. The Club Fungi
·Phylum Basidiomycota
·Reproductive structure looks like club
·Elaborate life cycle
·Diverse
mushrooms
shelf fungi
puffballs
jelly fungi
·Many can be eaten but MANY are poisonous

6. Imperfect Fungi
·Don't seem to have a sexual phase of reproduction, so they can't be classified like other fungi. Therefore they are "imperfect"
·Phylum Deuteromycota
·Example: Penicillium notatum is mold that usually grows on fruit and is where we get the antibiotic penicillin from.

7. Now an important part of all ecosystems
Fungi first formed 460 million years ago, when the largest land plants were small organisms similar to mosses
Now an important part of all ecosystems
All are heterotrophs. Most feed on dead and decaying organic matter. Some are parasites that harm organisms.
fungus in ant

8. Some fungi form symbiotic relationships in which both partners benefit
Examples: Lichens
Lichens are a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism. They are resistant to drought and cold and can survive on rock.
Often called pioneer plants.
Break down rock
Sensitive to air pollution