1. Chapter31:Fungi

2. Fungi : sexual & asexual reproduction Eukaryotic
Heterotrophic - feed by absorption
Mostly multicellular
except unicellular yeasts
Chitin cell walls (polysaccharide)
sexual & asexual reproduction

3. Fungal Structure Fungal body Cells Cell wall mycelium multiple nuclei
thread-like cells (network of hyphae
hyphae body filaments walls)
septate (cross walls)
coenocytic (no cross walls
Cells
multiple nuclei
Cell wall
chitin
just like crab shells

4. Internal structure Eukaryotic cells long, thread-like cells
chitin cell wall
septum
Eukaryotic cells
long, thread-like cells
filamentous
incomplete divisions between cells
septum
multiple nuclei
pore
nuclei

5. Modes of Nutrition Heterotrophic secrete digestive enzymes
feed by absorption
parasites
feeding on living creatures
predators
paralyzing prey
Decomposer-saprobes
breakdown dead remains
plant cell
fungal hypha
plant cell membrane
plant cell wall

6. Reproduction Asexual Sexual budding in yeast spores
spread by wind
joining of + & – haploid spores
haploid spores

7. Fungi Diversity, I
Phy: Chytridiomycota •aquatic fungi; chytrids •lineage closest to protists (flagella)
Phy: Zygomycota •Rhizopus (food mold) •mycorrhizae: mutualistic with plant roots •zygosporangia: resistant structure (freezing and drying)

8. Fungi Diversity, II
Phy.: Ascomycota •sac fungi • yeasts, truffles, morels, Sordaria •asci: sexual spores •conidia: asexual spores
Phy.: Basidiomycota • club fungus •mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungus, rusts •basidiocarps: produce sexual spores

9. Specialized Lifestyles, I
Molds •only the asexual stage (asexual spores) •Penicillium (antibiotic, cheese)
Yeasts •unicellular, asexual budding •Saccharomyces (bread, alcohol)

10. Specialized Lifestyles, II
Lichens • symbiotic association held in a hyphae mesh •alga provides food, fungus provides physical environment •pioneer organisms •air pollution detection
Mycorrhizae •root and fungi mutualism •found in 95% of vascular plants •exchange of organic minerals •increases absorptive surface of roots

11. Mycorrhizae Critical role in plant growth
extends water absorption of roots
without mycorrhizae
with mycorrhizae
Endomycorrhiza
Ectomycorrhiza