1. Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of 17th century New England

2. New France, New England, New Netherlands, and Virginia in 1600s

3. Crop Trio of Central & North America

4. English Settler Quotations on Indians in New England
The Indians are not able to make use of one fourth part of the Land, neither have they any settled places, as Townes to dwell in... [T]hey change habitation from place to place.
--Francis Higginson (1630)
Much might they [the Indians] benefit themselves...if they were not...fettered in the chains of idleness.
--William Wood (1634)
[The Indians are] not industrious, neither [do they] have art, science, or faculty to use either the land or the commodities of it; but all spoils, rots, and is marred for want of manuring, [...and] ordering.
--Robert Cushman (1628)
Their wives are their slaves and do all the work; the men do nothing but kill beasts…
--Christopher Levett (1628)
As for the Natives in New England, they [have] no settled habitation, nor any tame Cattle to improve the land by, and soe have noe other but a Natural Right to those Countries.
--John Winthrop
In a vacant soyle, hee that taketh possession of it and bestwoeth culture and husbandry upon it, his Right it is.
--John Cotton

6. Our fathers had plenty of deer and skins, our plains were full of deer, as also our woods, and of turkies, and our coves full of fish and fowl. But these English have gotten our land, with scythes they cut down the grass, and with axes fell the trees; their cows and horses eat the grass, and their hogs spoil our clam banks, and we shall be starved.
. . . We must be one as they are; otherwise we shall be all gone shortly All Indians [must] kill [their] men, women, and children, but no cows, [for the cows will be needed until] our deer be increased again.
— Miantonomo

7. Mid-18th-century wampum belt symbolizing Five Nations: Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, Mohawk