1. Principles of
Management
Learning Session # 4
Dr. A. Rashid Kausar

2. Recap
Session # 3

3. Managers
perform
Management
in the
Organizations

4. perform these POLCA functions with
Good Managers
perform these POLCA functions with
Efficiency and Effectiveness

5. POLCA Functions
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling

6. Management Functions
Planning
Controlling
Organizing
Assurance
Leading

7. Management Functions Assurance
Planning: setting goals and deciding how best to achieve them
Controlling: regulating activities to reach goals
Organizing: allocating and arranging resources
Assurance
Leading: influencing others to work towards goals

8. Planning Mangement Functions
The process of setting goals and deciding how best to achieve them.

9. Organising Mangement Functions
The process of allocating human and non-human resources so that plans can be carried out successfully.

10. Leading Mangement Functions
The process of influencing others to engage in the work behaviours necessary to reach organisational goals.

11. Controlling Mangement Functions
The process of regulating organisational activities so that actual performance conforms to expected organisational standards and goals.

12. Effectiveness (Ends) Efficiency (Means) Resource Usage Goal Attainment
Low Waste
High Attainment
Management Strives For:
Low resource waste (high efficiency)
High goal attainment (high effectiveness)

13. Efficiency - getting the most output from the least amount of inputs
“doing things right”
concerned with means

14. Effectiveness - completing activities so that organizational goals are attained
“doing the right things”
concerned with ends

15. Management
Henri Fayol
Peter Drucker
Edward Deming
Henry Mintzberg

26. While performing
Managers
use
various Skills !

28. Characteristics of Entrepreneurs
Key Personal
Attributes
Technical
Proficiency
Successful
Entrepreneur
Managerial
Competencies

29. Business Plan ? Questions:
1.What are my motivations for owning a business?
2.Should I start a business?
3.What and where is the market for my
product or service?
4.How much will it cost to own the business, where will I get the money?
5.Can I get help from relatives or friends?
6.Should my company be domestic or global?
7.How will growth be managed?