1. Section 2: Methods of Scientists
Scientists use scientific methods to structure their experiments and investigations. K
What I Know W
What I Want to Find Out L
What I Learned

2. Essential Questions What are independent and dependent variables?
How does experimentation and investigation differ?
What are the differences between mass and weight?
What is scientific notation and how is it used?
Methods of Scientists
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3. Vocabulary Review New experiment scientific methods hypothesis
independent variable
dependent variable
control
Le Système International d’Unités (SI)
scientific notation
Methods of Scientists
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4. The Nature of Scientific Investigations
Scientists use similar methods to gather data and communicate information.
Scientific methods are a series of problem-solving procedures that helps scientists conduct experiments.
A hypothesis is a testable explanation of a situation that can be supported or disproved by careful procedures.
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Methods of Scientists

5. Visualizing Scientific Methods
Scientific methods are used by scientists to help organize and plan their experiments and investigations.
Methods of Scientists
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Visualizing Scientific Methods
Concepts In Motion
FPO
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Methods of Scientists
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7. Add link to BrainPOP here.
Scientific Methods
BrainPOP
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8. The Nature of Scientific Investigations
Experimentation
An experiment is classified as an organized procedure that involves making observations and measurements to test a hypothesis.
Methods of Scientists
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9. The Nature of Scientific Investigations
The independent variable in an experiment is the factor that is changed by the experimenter.
A dependent variable is a factor that is affected by changes in the independent variable.
A control is used in an experiment to show that the results of an experiment are a result of the condition being tested.
Methods of Scientists
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How is a controlled experiment performed?
Virtual Lab
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11. The Nature of Scientific Investigations
An investigation involves observation and collecting data but does not include a control.
Methods of Scientists
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12. The Nature of Scientific Investigations
Analysis and conclusions
During a scientific experiment, all data are carefully recorded.
Once an experiment is complete, graphs, tables, and charts are commonly used to display data.
These data are then analyzed so that a conclusion can be drawn.
Methods of Scientists
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13. The Nature of Scientific Investigations
Analysis and conclusions
Many times, a conclusion does not support the original hypothesis.
In such a case, the hypothesis must be reevaluated and further research must be conducted.
Methods of Scientists
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14. Measurement
Le Système International d’Unités (SI) is a modern version of the metric system based on a decimal system.
Methods of Scientists
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15. Measurement Length Mass The SI unit for length is the meter (m).
The amount of matter in an object is called mass.
The SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg).
Methods of Scientists
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16. Measurement
Weight
Weight is a measure of the gravitational force on an object.
The SI unit for force is the newton (N).
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17. Measurement Area and volume
Area is the amount of surface included within a set of boundaries.
The SI unit for area is square meters (m2).
Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object.
The SI unit for volume is cubic meters (m3).
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18. Measurement
Density
Density is the measure of the amount of matter that occupies a given space.
The SI units for density are expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3), grams per milliliter (g/mL), and kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3).
Methods of Scientists
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19. Measurement Time Time is the interval between two events.
The SI unit for time is the second (s).
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20. Measurement Temperature
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles that make up a material.
The SI unit for temperature is the kelvin (K).
Absolute zero is the coldest possible temperature.
Methods of Scientists
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21. Scientific Notation
In scientific notation, a number is expressed as a value between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10.
Examples
The number of grains of sand on Earth is approximately 4,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 and would be written as 4 × 1021.
The mass of Earth at 5,973,600,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg would be written as × 1024 kg.
Methods of Scientists
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22. Review Essential Questions Vocabulary scientific methods hypothesis
What are independent and dependent variables?
How does experimentation and investigation differ?
What are the differences between mass and weight?
What is scientific notation and how is it used?
Vocabulary
scientific methods
hypothesis
independent variable
dependent variable
control
Le Système International d’Unités (SI)
scientific notation
Methods of Scientists
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