1. European Reformation

2. Reformation Causes of Reformation Social Political Economic Religious
Renaissance values led people to question the Church.
Printing press.
Political
Powerful monarchs challenged the Church.
Many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challenged authority.
Economic
Jealous of Church’s wealth.
Merchants resented having to pay taxes to the Church.
Religious
Church leaders became corrupt.
Sale of indulgences

4. Martin Luther Took action against Friar Tetzel. Wrote the 95 Theses
Teachings rested on three main ideas:
People could win salvation only by faith in God’s gift of forgiveness.
All church teachings should be clearly based on the words of the Bible.
All people with faith were equal.

5. England becomes Protestant
Henry VIII wants a son
Parliament passes a set of laws known as Reformation Parliament.
Ended pope’s power in England.

6. From his marriages, Henry had 3 children who lived: Mary, Elizabeth and Edward.

7. England becomes Protestant
Consequences of Henry’s changes
Edward VI
Too young when he took the throne
Guided by Protestant advisers
Reigned for six years

8. England becomes Protestant
Mary
Catholic
Returned English Church to the rule of the pope
Protestants were executed

9. England becomes Protestant
Elizabeth
Restores Protestantism
1559, set up the Church of England, or Anglican Church

10. Calvinism Religious reform began in Switzerland.
John Calvin (French follower of Luther)
Predestination

11. Calvinism Spreads John Knox Huguenots Scottish preacher
Put Calvin’s ideas to work
Followers of Knox became known as Presbyterians
Huguenots
Calvin’s followers in France
Hatred between Catholics and Huguenots led to violence
Estimated as many as 12,000 Huguenots were killed.

12. Counter Reformation (Catholic Reformation)
Movement to help Catholics remain loyal within the Catholic Church
Important leaders
Ignatius of Loyola
Founded new religious orders
Pope Paul III and Paul IV
Took action to reform and renew the Church within Paul IV)

13. Pope Paul III Council of Trent Agreed on several doctrines:
Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final
Christians needed faith and good works of salvation
Bible and Church tradition were equally powerful authorities for guiding Christian life
Indulgences were valid expressions of faith, but false selling of indulgences were banned.

14. Legacy of Reformation Ended Christian unity in Europe
Europe was left culturally divided
Religious and social effects
Protestant churches flourished
Roman Catholic Church became more unified
Both Catholics and Protestants gave more emphasis to role of education
Political effects
Individual monarchs and states gained power
Laid the groundwork for the Enlightenment.

16. John Greene’s Reformation