1. THE CIVIL RIGHTS ERA: 1955-1965 What is a “grass roots movement”?
What were the goals of the movement?
What were the tactics of the movement?

2. How do you achieve these goals? What has to happen? Goals: Tactics:
End segregation
Voting rights
civic and economic equality
Tactics:
Nonviolent protest….
Civil disobedience

4. Background to Civil Rights Era

5. 250 years of slavery… 1620s- 1860s

6. Reconstruction Amendments 1866- 1870
13th ends slavery
Southern states forced to ratify to re-enter the Union
14th- guarantees equal rights of citizenship to all born in America
15th- Right to vote cannot be denied based on race

7. Civil Rights Act of 1875
“All persons shall be entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of the accomodations… of inns, public conveyances on land or water, theaters, and other places of public amusement”
SUPREME COURT declares unconstitutional in 1883

8. Plessy v. Ferguson 1893 Establishes “separate but equal”
Segregation is constitutional

9. “Jim Crow” South

10. Via intimidation, literacy tests, poll taxes, African Americans effectively disenfranchised in the south

11. 20th Century….
1909- NAACP formed to fight for equality in courts (W E B Dubois)
World War I: Great Migration to the north
1920s: Harlem Renaissance
New Deal
FDR includes African Americans in public works projects
WW2
Million blacks in Armed Forces
Part of “Arsenal of Democracy”

12. Things don’t happen in a vacuum: How do the following “set the stage” for the Civil Rights movement in the 1950s and 60s?
Civil rights movement
World War 2
Baby Boom Generation:
“Youth Culture” of 1950s/ 60s
The Cold War
New Technology:
Television

13. Executive Order 9981
Truman desegregates the military

14. 1947- Dodgers sign Jackie Robinson
Breaks the “color barrier” in professional baseball

15. NAACP and Thurgood Marshall
Goes after “separate but equal” in the courts
Focuses on schools
29 out of 32 cases won
Becomes 1st Black Supreme Court Justice ( )

16. Brown versus Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas- 1954
Overturns Plessy v. Ferguson
"separate educational facilities are inherently unequal."
1957: protests to forced desegregation, Charlotte, NC, 1957

17. South resists- Southern Manifesto Stage is set for the “Civil Rights
The Warren court overstepped its authority
Southern States can ignore it
Stage is set for the “Civil Rights
Movement”

18. Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks arrested
MLK organizes boycott
SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Council)
African American churches organizes to non-violently protest segregation

19. claudette colvin Arrested 9 months before Parks….
“feisty”, “mouthy”, “emotional” 15 year old HS student

20. 1958: Little Rock Nine
Eisenhower has army escort black students to high school to force desegregation

21. Regents review #1: today, room 121
Any specific questions?
Go over some old thematics- (they repeat themselves)
Textbooks?
Today- “height” of the Civil Rights movement
Key questions; video; notes/ discussion

22. 1961- 1965: Height of “the movement”
What is “civil disobedience”? How does this tactic work….
What is the importance of television in the Civil Rights movement?
Much of the “movement” was driven by young Americans. What did they “put on the line”? Would you have joined?
What were the tangible results by 1965?
Why did things get “violent” in the late 1960s?

23. 1960- Sit-ins
Starts with 4 college freshmen
Spreads quickly

24. 1963- Freedom Riders CORE: Congress of Racial Equality
Whites and blacks ride together to southern bus stations
Attacked

25. 1963- Birmingham Campaign MLK and thousands arrested
Attacked by police
On television
JFK calls for Civil Rights
Act

26. 1964- March on Washington “I have a Dream” Demanding a Civil
Rights Act….
Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation…. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the "unalienable Rights" of "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness…..” 

27. 1964- Civil Rights Act is passed
Bans discrimination in employment & “public accommodations”

29. Wednesday, May 24 Textbooks? Tomorrow- new teacher!
Wrap up Civil Rights movement…15 minutes of video: fight for the vote; Selma; voting rights act
Despite the 15th amendment, why were African Americans still disenfranchised in the 1960s?
How did the movement change after 1965?
Why was there violence?
Classroom: new regents page
10 practice questions- test run

30. 1961- 1965: Height of “the movement”
What is “civil disobedience”? How does this tactic work….
What is the importance of television in the Civil Rights movement?
Much of the “movement” was driven by young Americans. What did they “put on the line”? Would you have joined?
What were the tangible results by 1965
Why did things get “violent” in the late 1960s?

31. 1964- Freedom Summer
SNCC (“Snik”)- Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
Go to Mississippi to get African Americans to register to vote…
(4 dead… 80 beaten… 3 blacks killed… arrrested…. 37 churches bombed… 30 black homes bombed…)

32. March on Selma- March 1965 54 mile march from Selma to Montgomery, AL
Demanding right to vote…

33. 1965 Voting Rights Act No more literacy tests
Extensive FEDERAL gov’t control over elections…

34. Despite the 15th amendment, why were African Americans still disenfranchised in the 1960s?
How did the movement change after 1965?
Why was there violence?

35. 1961- 1965: Height of “the movement”
What tactics were used by activists?
Role of YOUNG people….
Risks taken by joining….
What were the tangible results by 1965?
What now?