1. (A) Structures of mandelalides A to D
(A) Structures of mandelalides A to D. (B) Retrobiosynthetic analysis of the two types of mandelalide carbon skeleton, showing probable building blocks and features suggestive of trans-AT-type polyketide synthases (PKS).
(A) Structures of mandelalides A to D. (B) Retrobiosynthetic analysis of the two types of mandelalide carbon skeleton, showing probable building blocks and features suggestive of trans-AT-type polyketide synthases (PKS). (C) Visualization of the metagenomic assembly obtained from the zooid fraction, where each point represents a contig of >3,000 bp in length. Points are colored based on taxonomic group, and their size is proportional to contig length. The contig bearing the mnd pathway is outlined in black. (D) Approximately maximum-likelihood tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences from “Candidatus Didemnitutus mandela” and 100 other bacteria in the Planctomycetes-Verrucomicrobia-Chlamydiae superphylum obtained from the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) (83), showing the placement of “Ca. Didemnitutus mandela” in the family Opitutae in the phylum Verrucomicrobia. Bootstrap proportions greater than 70% are expressed to the left of each node as a percentage of 1,000 replicates. (E) Amplicon analysis of ketosynthase (KS) domains in Lissoclinum sp. zooid and tunic fractions. mnd accounts for the vast majority of KS domains in the zooid fraction and for trans-AT KS domains in both fractions.
Juan Lopera et al. mSystems 2017; doi: /mSystems