1. Photosynthesis

2. Found among green plants, ______, & bacteria
Why do most photosynthetic organisms look green?
They _______ the green portion of sunlight
All other colors are ________
full-spectrum
light
chloroplast

3. The electromagmetic spectrum
Wave theory of light: travels like ripples on a pond
(waves of electromagnetic disturbance)
Versus particle theory of light, i.e. photons
Different colors of light have _______ wavelengths
Short wavelength:
Long wavelength:
The sun emits a _____ spectrum of wavelengths
You only see waves in the _______ light range

4. short ----------------------- long
green
1 nm = 1/1,000,000 mm

5. Some organisms also absorb green light
Have xanthin pigments as well as chlorophyll
Chlorophyll a works best with _________light
Extremes of the visible light spectrum
Chlorophyll a

6. Seawater _______ red and violet light
Converts it to kinetic energy (Brownian motion)
Chlorophyll a
Blue through yellow penetrate _______ into the sea
Algae have accessory pigments that capture energy at these wavelengths and transfer it to _________

7. Red algae look red because only ___ light is reflected
Why do leaves turn yellow/red in autumn?
Chlorophylls of land plants __________
Because of temperature or _____ stress
Red colors get reflected, not ________

8. { Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts Outer membrane Inner membrane
Stroma
(_____)
Intermembrane
space
Granum {
Thylakoid

9. Photosynthesis equation:
sunlight
6CO2
+ 6H2O
>
C6H12O6
+ 6O2
An _______ process
Essentially cellular respiration in reverse:
C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O + Energy
An ________ process
In plants, ___________ “feeds” respiration

10. Involves redox reactions:
6CO2 + 6H2O > C6H12O6 + 6O2
_________
_______
Reduction: compound _____ hydrogen electrons
Oxidation: compound _____ hydrogen electrons

11. Photosynthesis occurs in 2 stages Stage 1: Light-dependent reactions
Overview:
Use sunlight to “split” (harvest energy from) ___
Occur in _______
Produces ATP, energized electrons, _______
Energy produced fuels stage 2
Based on e--yielding ability of ________ molecule

12. Light-dependent reactions
Sunlight
H2O
Granum
ATP
NADPH
(electron-carrier molecule) O2
Chloroplast

13. Summary of light-dependent reaction process:
1) Light hits ___________ proteins in thylakoid membrane
2) Electron of chlorophyll becomes energized
3) Electron picked up by ________ molecule
(gets replaced with ______ from split H2O)
4) O from split H2O is released as ____
Some is saved for nighttime __________
Most is released into environment – not needed
5) Electron is delivered to Electron Transport System
6) ETS phosphorylates ATP by _____________
= Photophosphorylation

14. Stage 2: Light-independent reactions (________ cycle)
Overview:
Assembles sugars from CO2
CO2 + ATP & electrons  C6H12O6
Occur in the ________ of chloroplast
NADP+, ADP, and P are released for reuse by light-___________ reactions

15. Light-dependent reactions Light-independent reactions
Sunlight
H2O
CO2
ADP & P
Calvin
Cycle
Granum
NADP+
ATP
NADPH
SUGAR
Chloroplast O2

16. Plants combine photosynthesis & cellular respiration
Photosynthesis creates and stores ________
Done while ______ energy is available
Respiration harvests energy from ______
Done day and night
mitochondrion
chloroplast

17. Global Oxygen and Carbon Dynamics
2) ___________ over continental shelves
Global Oxygen and Carbon Dynamics
Green areas below produce most oxygen
equatorial and boreal ________

18. Carbon has a global cycle So do Water, ________ & Phosphorus
Cycles have atmospheric & terrestrial __________
Atmospheric reservoir
CO2
photosynthesis
cellular
respiration
Plants &
animals
Terrestrial reservoir
decomposer
organisms
fire
Disrupted by deforestation & burning ______ fuels

19. Man-made carbon pollution

20. Global distribution of permafrost
Melting of ________ releases methane gas
Decomposition (fermentation) of _____ plants
Further increases global warming
Global distribution of permafrost