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Mr. Bliss Salem High School Biology

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Presentation on theme: "Mr. Bliss Salem High School Biology"— Presentation transcript:

1 Mr. Bliss Salem High School Biology
Carbohydrates Mr. Bliss Salem High School Biology

2 Characteristics of Carbohydrates
Made of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen Energy containing molecules Some provide structure Cellulose Starch Basic building block is a monosaccharide (CH2O) 1:2:1 ratio

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4

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6 Different Forms of Glucose

7 Three Monosaccharides
C6H12O6

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9 Making and Breaking Polymers
-Stringing monosaccharides together makes a Carbohydrate polymer called a polysaccharide Dehydration Synthesis - a process where monomers join together to make (synthesize) a polymer. Water is lost as a result (dehydration) Hydrolysis – The opposite of dehydration synthesis. A process where water (hydro-) is used to split (-lyse) a big polymer into smaller monomers.

10 Dehydration Synthesis
of a Disaccharide

11 Formation of Disaccharides

12 Hydrolysis of a Disaccharide

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14 Important Polysaccharides: Starch
Consists of glucose subunits Plant energy storage molecule Glycogen is a very similar molecule in animals. Starch and glycogen are easily digested by humans.

15 Important Polysaccharides: Cellulose
Made of glucose Structural component in plants Most abundant organic compound on Earth! Cannot be digested by humans

16 Cellulose Typically, animals that consume cellulose have much longer intestinal tracts than those that do not. Scientists believe the human appendix is a remnant from when we ate more cellulose.

17 Important Polysaccharides: Chitin
Glucose subunits Partly derived from non-sugars (nitrogen) Exoskeletons of insects/crustaceans Note similarity to cellulose.

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