1. Cell Structure and Function
Chapter 3
I. Cell Type; There are two main categories of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic.
A. Prokaryotic- Commonly referred to as bacteria.
1. Cells do not contain membrane bound organelles.
2. Much smaller in size than eukaryotes.

2. B. Eukaryotic-
1. Cells that contain membrane bound organelles such as the nucleus.
2. Generally much larger than prokaryotes.

3. II. Cell Structures (parts) and Functions (what they do).
A. Plasma membrane (cell membrane)- Surrounds the cell.
All cells have this.
Controls what goes into and out of the cell.
B. Cytoplasm- Jelly like fluid (mostly water), which includes the organelles and allows materials to move throughout the cell.

4. C. Nucleus- Controls the activities of the cell, and contains the cell’s DNA.
D. Nucleolus- inside the nucleus, makes ribosomes

5. E. Ribosomes- small bead-like structures that bond amino acids
E. Ribosomes- small bead-like structures that bond amino acids together to make proteins
F. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)- site of chemical reactions.
* 1. rough ER- ribosomes attached to the surface bond amino acids together to make proteins.
2. smooth ER- site of many chemical reactions such as lipid production.

6. G. Vacuole- used for storage of water, food, chemicals.
1. Plant cells- usually one large vacuole.
2. Animal cells- usually many small vacuoles.
H. Golgi apparatus (Golgi body)- packages proteins and lipids for storage.
1. vesicles- carry the packaged materials to vacuoles or out of the cell.

7. I. Lysosome- found in animal cells, contains digestive enzymes to
I. Lysosome- found in animal cells, contains digestive enzymes to break down and recycle biomolecules.
J. Cytoskeleton- thread-like structures that crisscross the inside of the cell.
1. help maintain cell shape
2. network that helps materials move throughout the cell.
K. Centrioles- cylinder shaped organelles that help DNA move during cell division.
L. Mitochondria- creates, stores and releases energy

8. M. Cell Wall- found in Plants, but not in animals (also in fungi, some
M. Cell Wall- found in Plants, but not in animals (also in fungi, some protists and bacteria)- Made mostly of cellulose.
1. provides support for the cell.
2. protection for the cell.
N. Chloroplasts- found in Plants, but not in animals.
Contains the green pigment, chlorophyll.
Used to make glucose for the cell.
O. Plastids- like chloroplasts, but contain other pigments.