1. American Government and Organization
PS1301
Wednesday, 31 March

2. Announcements Midterm next Wednesday
Take online quizzes in Chapter 7 and 8

3. Requirements for Issue Voting
Aware of the issue
Care about the issue
Perceive difference between the candidates
Correct about the difference

4. Criteria for Issue Voting

6. Dynamics of 2000 Presidential Campaign
Source: Johnston and Hagen (APSA 2003) “Priming and Learning: Evidence from the 2000 Annenberg Study”

7. Character

8. Perception of Gore’s Honesty

9. Traits of Candidates

10. Retrospective Voting Party identification Evaluation of the past
economic indicators, “It’s the economy, stupid”
Wars
Incumbency

11. Race and Gender

12. Religion
Bush Gore Nader

13. Education and Income

14. Unions and Religion
Bush Gore Nader

16. How do Presidential Elections and Congressional Elections Differ?
Presidential elections are more salient
The average voter has more information about the presidential candidates than congressional candidates.
Consequently, party identification may play a lesser role in pres. elections
Voters are more inclined to be influenced by personal/candidate characteristics and issue voting may be more prevalent.

17. Congressional Elections
The empirical evidence suggests that party labels are have a greater effect when information about the candidate is low
U.S. Rep
State Senator
St. Assy.
County Board

18. Congressional Elections
Decline in party id means that other cues become more important
Incumbency
Name recognition

19. Rise of Split Ticket Voting