1. Chapter 11
WATER

2. DO NOW: Where does water come from?
Is there more or less water on Earth than there was 1 billion years ago?
The amount of water on Earth has not changed significantly since Earth formed.
Water came from cooling rocks, which released a lot of water

3. The Water Cycle Three forms: solid, liquid, gas
Renewable Resource (nonrenewable if what happens?)
 Pollution!!!
1. Evaporation-from surface, water vapor rises
2. Condensation- gas cools & condenses into liquid (clouds)
3. Precipitation- water falls back to Earth

4. The Water Cycle

5. Global Distribution 97% is salt water 70% of Earth is water
ONLY 3% is fresh water
70% of Earth is water

6. Global Distribution 3% FRESHWATER Of that 3% ONLY 23% is usable
How much out of ALL water is usable?
0.23 x 0.03 = ????
(23%) x (3%)
0.7% of ALL water

7. Fresh vs. Salt Water
Why can’t we drink salt water!?!?!!???

8. SURFACE WATER Surface water  fresh water on Earth’s land surface
Ex: rivers, lakes, streams, wetlands

9. SURFACE WATER
River Systems- network of water that flows into one larger river
Watersheds- area of land drained by a river

11. GROUND WATER
Groundwater- water stored beneath Earth’s surface in sediment and rock formations
Most of the fresh water available for human use
Water Table- a level beneath Earth’s surface where rock & soil are saturated with water
Wet regions- near surface
Deserts- far beneath surface

12. GROUNDWATER Aquifers- underground formation that contains groundwater
Water table is upper boundary
Rock, sand, gravel, limestone
Space where water can accumulate

13. GROUNDWATER
Porosity  the amount of space between the particles that make up a rock
Permeability  the ability of rock/soil to allow water to flow through it
 Permeable vs. Impermeable

14. GROUNDWATER
Recharge Zone  area of Earth’s surface where water drains down into aquifer
Depends on permeability above
How do humans affect recharge zones?

15. Water Pollution

16. The Ogallala Aquifer One of largest in world
Supplies 1/3 of U.S. groundwater used
Glaciers at end of last ice age
174,000 sq. miles
Pro Keystone
Pipeline
Against Keystone