1. States and Changes of Matter

2. States of Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma – another day

3. Solids Particles vibrate back and forth in place
Definite shape and volume
High density
Not compressible
Very low diffusion rate but it can occur
Crystals have definite repeating pattern

4. Amorphous solids No regular pattern like in crystals Examples Glass
Silicon Panels
Peanut Butter
Biological Tissue
Emulsions

5. Liquids Particles able to move past each other
Takes the shape of container but definite volume
Not compressible
Ability to diffuse
Surface tension
Capillary action

6. Gases No definite volume No definite shape Diffuses easily
Low density compressible

7. Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)
“Theory of moving molecules”
Particles always moving
The amount of energy they have effects what state of matter is present
Movement effects organization of particles
Solid- least energy; most organized
Liquid-middle of the road on both energy and organization
Gases- most energy; least organization

8. State Changes Evaporation- l to g Condensation- g to l Melting- s to l
Freezing- l to s
Sublimation- s to g
Deposition- g to s

9. State Changes
Adding energy to a substance will increase the temp of the substance to a point and then will cause a state change
Addition of energy causes the particles to move faster
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles
During periods where a substance is changing from one state to another the temperature does not change, but between states as energy is added the temperature increases

10. Melting point/ Freezing point-
same temperature throughout the process
point at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid or a liquid to a solid
the term used depends on which way the substance is changing
Molecules of the substance coexist in both states
Boiling point/Condensation point
temp at which a liquid becomes a gas
Same temperature throughout the process
If going the opposite way called condensation point

11. Heating Curve of H2O