1. ENZYMES

2. ENZYMES: Speedy Proteins!

3. IMPORTANCE OF ENZYMES Enzymes are biological catalysts that:
Increase reaction rates by lowering the amount of energy needed for the reaction to occur
x faster!!!

4. Activation Energy

5. Lowering Activation Energy

6. IMPORTANCE OF ENZYMES Enzymes are biological catalysts that:
are NOT changed or used up
DO NOT participate in the reaction, simply make the reaction go faster

7. ENZYME STRUCTURE Active Site: Site where reactant binds to enzyme
Substrate: The reactant the enzyme can work on

8. The substrate fits like a “key” into the enzyme’s “lock” (active site).
Enzymes are very specific about which types of substrates they can work on.

9. Turn to a partner
Explain why only the red shape will work in this enzyme. Include the terms enzyme, substrate, active site, and specific.

10. Most enzymes are named after the substrate they work on (usually ending in “-ase”).
Lactose (substrate)
Peptide bonds (substrate)
Lactase
(enzyme)
Peptidase
(enzyme)

11. Product
Chemical produced by the reaction.

12. Turn to a Partner

13. Enzymes can bind substrates together
…Or break them apart

14. “Adding” small units together, making large molecules
Anabolism
“Adding” small units together, making large molecules

15. Catabolism
Breaking up large molecules into smaller ones

16. Factors that affect enzyme activity

17. COENZYMES
Substances that help the enzyme do its work
EX:vitamins

18. INHIBITORS Substances that interfere with the action of the enzyme
EX: poisons, toxins

19. 2 Types of Inhibitors

20. Noncompetitive Inhibitors
Do NOT block the active site but bind at a different site causing the shape of the active site to change so the substrate can no longer bind.

21. Competitive Inhibitors
Block the active site so the substrate cannot bind.

22. Denaturing Changes the shape of the active site
Substrate can no longer fit in the active site

23. pH
There is a range of tolerance specific to each enzyme

24. Temperature
There is a range of tolerance specific to each enzyme

26. How would you answer??

27. Describe the structure of an enzyme
Describe the function of an enzyme
Is this anabolism or catabolism?

28. 1. What happens to an enzyme when it is denatured?
It loses its shape
B) It can catalyze more reactions
C) Activation energy is raised
D) Activation energy is lowered

29. 2. Enzymes make reactions go _____ by ___the energy needed to start the reaction.
slower; lowering
B) faster; raising
C) slower; raising
D) faster; lowering

30. 3. What is the optimal pH for the enzyme Salivary Amylase?
B) 5
C) 11
D) 2
E) 7

31. Cornell Summary