1. ENZYMES

2. Can You Recall?? Enzymes are made up of which biomolecule?
The building blocks for enzymes are…

3. ENZYMES: Speedy Proteins!

4. IMPORTANCE OF ENZYMES Enzymes are biological catalysts that:
Increase reaction rates ( x faster!!!)
Lower the amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
are NOT changed or used up
Can be used over and over again!

5. ENZYME STRUCTURE Active Site: Site where reactant binds to enzyme
Substrate: The reactant the enzyme can work on

6. The substrate fits like a “key” into the enzyme’s “lock” (active site).
Enzymes are very specific about which types of substrates they can work on.

7. Turn to a partner
Explain why only the red shape will work in this enzyme. Include the terms enzyme, substrate, active site, and specific.

8. Most enzymes are named after the substrate they work on (usually ending in “-ase”).
Lactose (substrate)
Peptide bonds (substrate)
Lactase
(enzyme)
Peptidase
(enzyme)

9. Product
Chemical produced by the reaction

10. Turn to a Partner

11. Factors that affect enzyme activity

12. 1) INHIBITORS
Substances that interfere with the action of the enzyme

13. 2 Types of Inhibitors

14. Noncompetitive Inhibitors
Do NOT block the active site but bind at a different site causing the shape of the active site to change so the substrate can no longer bind.

15. Competitive Inhibitors
Block the active site so the substrate cannot bind.

16. 2) Denaturing Changes the shape of the active site
Substrate can no longer fit in the active site
Enzymes can become natured in two ways:

17. 1) pH
There is a range of tolerance specific to each enzyme

18. 2) Temperature
There is a range of tolerance specific to each enzyme

19. Cornell Summary