1. Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY Wando HS Mount Pleasant,SC
The Congress of
Vienna
Ms, Susan M. Pojer
Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Ms. Sandy Visscher
Wando HS Mount Pleasant,SC

2. Europe in 1812

3. The Congress of Vienna (September 1, 1814 – June 9, 1815)

4. Main Objectives
It’s job was to undo everything that Napoléon had done:
Reduce France to its old boundaries  her frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level.
Prevent French aggression by surrounding it with strong countries
Restore Balance of Power in Europe
Restore as many of the old monarchies as possible that had lost their thrones during the Napoléonic era.
Supported the resolution: There is always an alternative to conflict.

5. Key Players at Vienna
Foreign Minister, Viscount Castlereagh (Britain)
Tsar Alexander I (Russia)
The “Host” Prince Klemens von Metternich (Austria)
King Frederick William III (Prussia)
Foreign Minister, Charles Maurice de Tallyrand (France)

6. Quote of von Metternich
“The first and greatest concern for the immense majority of every nation is the stability of laws-never their change”

7. Key Principles Established at Vienna
Balance of Power
Legitimacy
Compensation
Coalition forces would occupy France for 3-5 years.
France would have to pay an indemnity of 700,000,000 francs.

8. Changes Made at Vienna (1)
France was deprived of all territory conquered by Napoléon.
Russia was given most of Duchy of Warsaw (Poland).
Prussia was given half of Saxony, parts of Poland, and other German territories.
A Germanic Confederation of 30+ states (including Prussia) was created from the previous 300, under Austrian rule.
Austria was given back territory it had lost recently, plus more in Germany and Italy.
The House of Orange was given the Dutch Republic and the Austrian Netherlands to rule.

9. Changes Made at Vienna (2)
Norway and Sweden were joined.
The neutrality of Switzerland was guaranteed.
Hanover was enlarged, and made a kingdom.
Britain was given Cape Colony, South Africa, and various other colonies in Africa and Asia.
Sardinia was given Piedmont, Nice, Savoy, and Genoa.
The Bourbon Ferdinand I was restored in the Two Sicilies.
The Duchy of Parma was given to Marie Louise.
The slave trade was condemned (at British urging).
Freedom of navigation was guaranteed for many rivers.

10. Europe After the Congress of Vienna
Old HRE no longer exists; replaced by German Confederation

11. What was the legacy of the Congress of Vienna?

12. Conservative Europe Victory for conservatives Constitutional monarchy
Britain and France
Absolute monarchy
Russia, Prussia, Austria
1815 enter into Holy Alliance
Monarchs promise to act together in accordance w/ Christian principles
Concert of Europe
Alliance that assured nations would help one another if revolutions broke out
Despite efforts to undo French Revolution, leaders couldn’t turn back clock

13. Revolution in Latin America
With the restoration of the Spanish monarchy, the Spanish colonies in Americas revolt
Peninsulares want to restore their power and control over the land
Creoles want to retain and expand the powers they seized

14. Long-Term Legacy No war for 100 years!!!
Diminished size and power of France
Britain and Prussian power increases
NATIONALISM grows in Italy, Germany, Greece
Explodes into revolutions
Colonies take advantage of the events in Europe to declare their own independence
Ideas about power and authority are changed permanently
Democracy, equal treatment

15. Vienna Settlement Most far reaching agreement between
Westphalia (1648) & Paris (1919)!
Ended two centuries of colonial rivalry
Produced minimum resentment in France
Smoothed over issue of Poland & dualism in the German states for 50 years

16. Vienna Settlement Not completely reactionary
Did not give satisfaction to democrats
Hostile to nationalism & democracy

17. No Major war
for 100 years!