1. Justinian Code

2. The legal code of the Byzantine Empire, based on Roman law.

3. Constantinople

4. Rebuilt city on the site of ancient Byzantium by Constantine I; renamed Constantinople by Constantine who made it the capital of the Byzantine Empire.

5. Hippodrome

6. An arena in Constantinople with an oval track for horse and chariot races.

7. Hagia Sophia

8. The Cathedral of Holy Wisdom in Constantinople, built by order of Byzantine Emperor Justinian.

9. Nika Rebellion

10. Rebellion where chariot gangs rioted in 532 CE and tried to overthrow Justinian; Theodora convinces him to stay.

11. Serf

12. A medieval peasant legally bound to live on a noble’s estate.

13. Manor

14. A noble’s estate in feudal Europe.

15. Chivalry

16. A code of behavior for knights in medieval Europe, stressing ideals such as courage, loyalty, and devotion.

17. Bubonic Plague

18. Deadly disease that spread across Asia and Europe in the mid-14th century, killing millions of people.

19. Crusades

20. Expeditions in which medieval Christian warriors sought to recover control of Holy Land from the Muslims.