1. Labor/Management Relations
Race and Gender Discrimination
Unions and Education

2. Glass Ceiling
Appearance that top management jobs are available for women but without the reality
Equal pay for equal work!

3. Changing Gender Roles
More women are in leadership positions than ever before
More women graduate from college today than do men
Many households have women who make more money than men
Many households are headed by stay-at-home-dads

4. Reflection
Consider the so-called glass ceiling and the possible pay gap for women.
What still needs to be done to make the workplace more equitable for women?
How does equality in education and work effect families and children?
Do women need to be more “manly” to lead?

5. Income Gap
usually the difference between the top 20% of income earners (the top quintile), and the bottom 20% (bottom quintile)

6. Affirmative Action
Government policies designed to make-up for past discriminations
March 6, 1961Executive Order makes the first mention of "affirmative action"…
Sept. 24, 1965Executive Order enforces affirmative action for the first time…
June 28, 1978Regents of the University of California v. Bakke…
July 2, 1980Fullilove s. Klutznick…
May 19, 1986Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education…
Feb. 25, 1987United States v. Paradise…
Jan. 23, 1989City of Richmond v. Croson…
July 19, 1995White House guidelines on affirmative action…
March 18, 1996Hopwood v. University of Texas Law School…
June 23, 2003The Supreme Court upholds the University of Michigan Law School's policy, ruling that race can be one of many factors considered…

7. AA Debate
Perhaps the most important lesson I've learned is that there are no airtight, completely coherent, unassailable, and holistic answers on the question of affirmative action. — John Bunzel
San Jose State Univ.

8. AA Pro
Blacks have a 400-year history on this continent: 250 involving slavery, 100 involving discrimination, and less than 50 involving anything else. — Historian Roger Wilkins
George Mason University

9. AA Con
"Now I may be a mean cuss. But I'm the same mean cuss with everybody out there on that football field. The world don't give a damn about how sensitive these kids are, especially the black kids. You ain't doin' these kids a favor by patronizing them. You're crippling them; you're crippling them for life."
--Coach Boone
Remember the Titans

10. Overview of Argument Pro Con
Diversity is desirable and won't always occur if left to chance.
Students starting at a disadvantage need a boost.
Draws people to areas of study and work they may never consider otherwise.
Some stereotypes may never be broken without affirmative action.
Still need to compensate minorities for centuries oppression
Con
Leads to reverse discrimination.
Lowers standards of accountability needed to push students or employees to perform better.
It is condescending to minorities to say they need affirmative action to succeed.
It demeans true minority achievement; i.e. success is labeled as result of affirmative action rather than hard work and ability.

11. Reflection Comment on Affirmative Action as you understand it.
Do you think that America has truly become a color-blind society?
Do we still need affirmative action?
What disadvantages do minority groups still face today?
How can we correct past wrongs without reverse discrimination?
When will the US not need affirmative action anymore?

12. Conditions in the Workplace
Old arguments
Hours
Wages
Safety

13. Working Together for Changes
Labor Union
Formal organization of workers for meeting employee demands
Collective Bargaining
Process of union and company representatives meeting to negotiate on behalf of all
“Right to Work”

14. When Relations Break Down
Strike
Organized work stoppage in order to force management to listen to worker demands
Mediation
Neutral third party assists to find compromise
Arbitration
Third party makes a binding decision in the negotiation

15. New Issues in the Workplace
Benefits
Health Care
Retirement
Discrimination
African American
Women
Age
Sex
Religion

16. Other Discrimination People with Disabilities Act
Socioeconomic Setbacks
Poverty
Health care
Education
Poor districts
Rural
Urban

17. Education
Degree Inflation – requiring more years of education to be qualified for the same job
Learning Effect – the theory that education increases productivity and results in higher wages
Screening Effect - the theory that the completion of college indicates to employers that a job applicant is intelligent and hard-working

18. Types of Organizations