1. Basic Chemistry
Chapter 2

2. Answer the following on your white board:
What is necessary for all life processes to occur?
CHEMICAL REACTIONS

3. Answer the following on your white board:
What is the capacity to do work?
ENERGY

4. Answer the following on your white board:
What is anything that has mass
and takes up space?
MATTER

5. Answer the following on your white board:
What type of energy is inactive or stored?
POTENTIAL

6. Answer the following on your white board:
Which type of energy is stored in chemical bonds and released when the bonds are broken?
CHEMICAL ENERGY

7. Answer the following on your white board:
Which type of energy results from the movement of charged particles?
ELECTRICAL ENERGY

8. Answer the following on your white board:
Which type of energy is associated with motion?
KINETIC ENERGY

9. Answer the following on your white board:
What are two other types of energy?
Mechanical – directly involved in moving matter
(i.e. muscles in legs pull on bones causing legs to move)
Radiant – travels in waves (X rays, infrared radiation/heat energy,visible light (vision), radio, UV waves (sunburn, vitamin D stimulation)
MECHANICAL ENERGY
RADIANT ENERGY

10. Answer the following on your white board:
Which elements make up 96% of the body’s mass?
O, C, H, N

11. Answer the following on your white board:
What is the smallest unit of an element?
ATOM

12. Answer the following on your white board:
List each of the subatomic particles.
What are their charges?
Proton +
Neutron 0
Electron -

13. Proton - nucleus Neutron - nucleus Electron – surrounding nucleus
Answer the following on your white board:
List each of the subatomic particles.
Where are they located?
Proton - nucleus
Neutron - nucleus
Electron – surrounding nucleus

14. Answer the following on your white board:
What do electrons tell you about an atom?
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
OF THE ATOM

15. Answer the following on your white board:
An atom has an atomic number of 8 and an atomic mass of 16. How many of each subatomic particle does it have?
8 Protons
8 Neutrons
8 Electrons

16. Answer the following on your white board:
What are radioisotopes used for?
MEDICAL TESTING &
IMAGING/TRACERS

17. Answer the following on your white board:
What is I-131 used for?
TESTING THYROID
ACTIVITY (CANCER)

18. Answer the following on your white board:
What is a charged atom called?
ION

19. Answer the following on your white board:
What are positive ions?
CATION

20. Answer the following on your white board:
What are ions dissolved in body fluids called?
ELECTROLYTES

21. Answer the following on your white board:
What type of chemical bond involves sharing electrons?
COVALENT

22. Chemical Bonds
Transfer or share electrons in order to fill their valence shell (stability)
All atoms want 8 e- in their valence shell (except H & He)
Ionic bond – transfer electrons
Covalent bond – share electrons
Nonpolar: shares electrons equally
Polar: shares electron unequally

23. Answer the following on your white board:
What determines the type of chemical bond that atoms will form?
ELECTRONEGATIVITY

24. Chemical Bonding Type is due to electronegativity
How much an atom in a bond pulls electrons to itself
Ionic: >1.7
Polar covalent:
Covalent: <0.4

25. Answer the following on your white board:
What type of weak bond is created between polar molecules?
HYDROGEN BOND

26. Hydrogen Bonding Weak bonds attraction of H to partial negative charge
Example: polar covalent bonds between oxygen and hydrogen