1. Golgi Apparatus
Tuan Huynh
Albert Ji

2. What is Golgi Apparatus?
Golgi Apparatus is a complex of cisternae that receive proteins from the ER.
Proteins inside Golgi Apparatus are sorted and transported to their targeted location. Ex. Lysosomes, plasma membrane, or secretion,...

3. Where is it?
The Golgi Apparatus is located in the cell cytoplasm near the endoplasmic reticulum.

4. How does it work?
Golgi Apparatus acts as a “postal service”; it sorts, tags, and ships proteins to a specific location.
The proteins are transported to other organelles in the cell, or to the plasma membrane to secrete.
Some proteins that are used for the Golgi Apparatus stay in the organelle.

5. Why so important?
The Golgi Apparatus is important because it sorts the proteins and sent them on the correct path towards their job.
Without the Golgi Apparatus, proteins will be lost and useless.

6. Interaction with others organelles
Receive protein vesicles from the ER
Transport protein to membrane
Transport hormones, growth factors, and digestive enzymes.

7. Size and Shape
The Golgi Apparatus is shaped like a weird maze with many entrances and exits.
It is made of individual building blocks called cisternae that are side by side.

8. Health Problems
Some studies have shown that the malfunction of the Golgi Apparatus is the caused of Alzheimer's Disease.
Wilson disease is also caused by the malfunction of Golgi Apparatus.
Other diseases are: Cutis laxa, dyschromatopsia, and etc.

9. Research
Alzheimer’s disease is found to be caused by Abeta peptide; it causes fragmentation of the Golgi Apparatus with the activation of cdk5 enzyme.
Cdk5 will then modify golgi structural proteins like GRASP65, which then modify the proteins that pass through the Golgi Apparatus.

10. Solutions
In the University of Michigan, researchers have develop two strategies to possibly reversed Alzheimer's.
One strategy tries to turn off the cdk5 enzyme and end the problem at the source. Meanwhile, a second method involves the mutation of GRASP65, which will stop cdk5 from modifying it.

11. Citation

12. FIN