1. CHAPTER 10
GROWTH AND
DIVISION

2. Cell reproduction is different
in prokaryotes than in
eukaryotes.

3. Prokaryotes
Lack a nucleus
Have a single chromosome
Reproduce by binary fission

4. E. Coli Reproducing by binary fission

5. Eukaryotes Have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Reproduce by mitosis (asexual)
Daughter
cells
Parent Cell

6. In most cases, living things grow
by producing more cells.

7. 2 main reasons
why cells divide
are: 1) too large a
demand on DNA
2) difficulty moving
enough materials
across the cell
membrane

8. If a cell continued
to grow larger
without dividing,
its DNA would no
longer be able to
meet the cell’s
needs

9. The rate of exchange of materials across
the membrane
depends on the
surface area of
the cell; while the
rate at which food
and oxygen are used up and wastes are produced depends on the cell’s volume.

10. As a cell increases in size, the
volume increases much more
quickly than the surface area.
this causes problems in moving sufficient materials across the membrane.

11. Cell division solves the problem
of moving enough materials by
increasing the surface area of
the cell and solves the problem
of insufficient DNA by
replicating the chromosomes
(making a copy of the DNA).

12. Before it becomes too large, a
growing cell divides forming
two “daughter” cells in the
process called cell division.

13. CELL CYCLE

14. Phases of the Cell Cycle G1 phase S (synthesis) phase G2 phase
M phase (mitosis)
G1, S, and G2 are collectively
called Interphase.

15. Interphase

16. G1 Phase First growth stage Cell increases in size
Synthesize new proteins and
organelles

17. S phase
DNA molecules are
synthesized
Chromosomes
duplicated

18. G2 phase Time between DNA synthesis & mitosis Cell continues growing
Needed proteins and organelles produced

19. M Phase Cell growth & protein production stop
Cell’s energy used to make 2 daughter cells
Called mitosis or karyokinesis (nuclear division)
Only occurs in eukaryotes

20. Mitosis is M phase or Divided into 4 sub phases: Prophase Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

21. Cells Undergoing Mitosis

22. Prophase Longest phase Chromosomes become visible Centrioles move
to poles of cell
Nuclear membrane breaks down
Nucleolus disappears
Chromosomes attach to spindle at centromere

23. Nucleus & Nucleolus have disintegrated
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nuclear Membrane
Chromosomes
Chromosomes
Nucleus & Nucleolus have disintegrated

24. Human Chromosomes

25. Metaphase
Chromosomes
line up along
equator of cell
Microtubules
connect
centromeres to
pole of spindle

26. Metaphase

27. Steps in Anaphase Chromosomes are separated Spindle fibers shorten so
are pulled to poles of cell

28. Mitotic Spindle

29. Anaphase

30. Steps in Telophase Separation of chromosomes completed Cell plate
forms (plants)
Cleavage furrow
forms(animals)
Nucleus & nucleolus reform
Chromosomes uncoil

31. Telophase
       Plant            
Animal

32. Cytokinesis Occurs after chromosomes separate
Forms two, identical daughter cells

33. Cytokinesis
Cleavage furrow in animal cell
Cell plate in plant cell

34. No. All cells do not move through the cell cycle at the same rate
No. All cells do not move through the cell cycle at the same rate. Muscle cells and nerve cells do not divide once they have developed. 51. Skin, digestive tract, and bone marrow cells divide rapidly throughout life.

35. Yes. The controls on cell growth and cell division can be turned on and off. The process of cell division is turned on when an injury occurs. The cells at the edge of the injury are stimulated to divide rapidly.

36. Cancer is a disorder in which some of the body’s own cells lose the ability to control growth.

37. Cancer cells do not respond to the signals that regulate the growth of most cells. Cancer cells divide uncontrollably and form masses of cells called tumors. Tumors are harmful because they damage surrounding tissues.

38. Cancer may be caused by tobacco, radiation, or viral infection
Cancer may be caused by tobacco, radiation, or viral infection. All cancers have one thing in common: The control over the cell cycle has broken down.

39. A large number of cancer cells have a defect in the p53 gene
A large number of cancer cells have a defect in the p53 gene. The p53 gene normally halts the cell cycle until all chromosomes have been replicated.

40. Mitosis Animation
Name each stage as you see it occur?

41. Test Yourself over Mitosis

42. Mitosis Quiz

43. Name the Stages of Mitosis:
Early prophase
Early Anaphase
Metaphase
Interphase
Early Telophase,
Begin cytokinesis
Late Prophase
Late telophase,
Advanced cytokinesis
Mid-Prophase
Late Anaphase

44. Identify the Stages ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Early, Middle, & Late Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Late Prophase ? ? ?
Telophase & Cytokinesis
Late Anaphase
Telophase

45. Locate the Four Mitotic Stages in Plants
Anaphase
Telophase
Metaphase
Prophase