9. Default 3 GB user space 2 GB Per-Process Space 2 GB System Space 3 GB Per-Process Space 1 GB System Space

10. x64 (AMD64 & Intel 64) IA-64 8 TB System Space 7 TB Per-Process Space 7 TB System Space 8 TB Per-Process Space

12. Before Expansion Committed Reserved After Expansion Committed Reserved Thread Stack Grows Down Guard

14. Fragmented Address Space

28. Working Set newer pagesolder pages

30. Working Set To standby or modified page list

35. Physical memory Physical memory Page 3 Page 1 Process Address Space Process Address Space Orig. Data Process Address Space Process Address Space Orig. Data Page 2

36. Process Address Space Process Address Space Physical memory Physical memory Process Address Space Process Address Space Orig. Data Page 3 Page 1 Page 2 Copy of page 2 Modd. Data

42. Standby Page Lists Zero Page List Zero Page List Free Page List Free Page List Working Sets page read from disk or kernel allocations demand zero page faults working set replacement Modified Page List modified page writer zero page thread soft page faults Bad Page List Private pages at process exit global valid faults

47. 01234567 Prioritized Standby Lists Pages removed Pages added