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RDE testing of hybrid vehicles Contribution to the RDE working group
25 January 2016 European Commission - Joint Research Centre (JRC) IET - Institute for Energy and Transport Sustainable Transport Unit
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Background RDE data evaluation verifies normality of test conditions
MAW (Appendix 5) and PB (Appendix 6): normality is evaluated by comparing work/power requirements of RDE driving vs. WLTP Assumption: CO2 emissions are a reliable proxy of work/power MAW (Appendix 5): MAW-average CO2 emissions [g/km] relative to WLTC characterization curve PB (Appendix 6): binning of 3s moving averages of power at the wheels (measured or calculated instantaneous CO2 emissions) CO2 approximates work/power of conventional ICE vehicles but may not be applicable to hybrid vehicles Applying the current data evaluation may yield biased results or be infeasible for (plug-in) hybrid vehicles 3rd RDE package shall ensure applicability of RDE to hybrid vehicles
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Background Problem for hybrid vehicles:
Part of the power is delivered by an electric engine that does not emit CO2 CO2 is thus not a reliable indicator of power output/engine work Normality of driving = f(CO2; electric power) Complex management of ICE vs. electric engine Lab results not transferable to on-road driving RDE test (1.5-2h) is longer than WLTC test (Plug-in) hybrid vehicles may deplete battery and run on ICE mainly (drive range of plug-ins around 25 km) CO2 emissions [g/km] are likely to be higher over an RDE trip than during type approval
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Options “Hybrid” solution depending on the degree of hybridization
Exempting hybrid vehicles from RDE testing RDE testing Modified procedure No modifications of the test procedure Determining CO2 emissions and electricity consumption (Plug-in) hybrids may not be certifiable Applying the current RDE data evaluation Unequal treatment of ICE vs. hybrid vehicles SOC (simple) Current, voltage (advanced) Abandoning RDE data evaluation for hybrid vehicles Unequal treatment of ICE vs. hybrid vehicles ΔSOC to CO2 Electric power to CO2 TA with Type 1 test in the lab Adaptations and application of App. 5 and 6 “Hybrid” solution depending on the degree of hybridization
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Contacts Pierre Bonnel pierre.bonnel@jrc.ec.europa.eu
Barouch Giechaskiel Francesco Riccobono Theodoros Vlachos Martin Weiss:
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Background – CO2 emissions
Determination of CO2 emissions: Regulation 443/2009 – Regulations 715/2007 and 692/2008 – UNECE Regulation 101: Annex 6: CO2 emissions of IEC vehicles [g/km] Annex 7: energy consumption [Wh/km] and range [km] of electric vehicles Annex 8: CO2 emissions of hybrid vehicles [g/km] CO2 emissions of hybrid vehicles: Not-externally chargeable: one NEDC test, control of energy status of the battery Externally chargeable: 𝑀 𝐶𝑂2 = ( 𝑀 1 ∙𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒+ 𝑀 2 ∙25𝑘𝑚) (𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒+25 𝑘𝑚) Reference to NEDC as test cycle RDE makes reference to WLTP – GTR 15
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