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Volume 64, Issue 1, Pages 133-145 (October 2009)
A Coat of Many Colors: Neuroimmune Crosstalk in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Stephanie D. Kraft-Terry, Shilpa J. Buch, Howard S. Fox, Howard E. Gendelman Neuron Volume 64, Issue 1, Pages (October 2009) DOI: /j.neuron Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
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Figure 1 Neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 Infection
A schematic of the cascade of neuropathologic events during progressive HIV-1 infection of the CNS. Activated monocytes are drawn to the brain by chemokines. CNS infection serves to activate astrocytes and resident microglia, resulting in the spread of infection to neighboring cells with concomitant neuroinflammation. Upon activation, microglia polarize to either an M1 or M2 phenotype, leading to a neurotoxic or neurotrophic microglial phenotype during HIV-1 infection of the CNS. Neuron , DOI: ( /j.neuron ) Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
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Figure 2 Innate and Adaptive Immunity in HIV-1 Neuropathogenesis
Within the infected brain, both proinflammatory (Teff, CTL, M1 microglia) and protective (M2 microglia, Treg) aspects of immunity are evident (adapted from Huang et al., 2009). When the inflammatory environment becomes dominant, disease is manifest. Neuron , DOI: ( /j.neuron ) Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions
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