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Writing Process Phase 2: Research, Organize, Compose
6 CHAPTER Writing Process Phase 2: Research, Organize, Compose
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What does the receiver need to know?
1. Research What does the receiver need to know?
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Formal Research Method
(Continued) Formal Research Method For: - Long reports - Complex business problems Electronically Internet Databases CDs Manually Libraries Book indexes Encyclopedias Journal Articles Primary Sources Interviews Questionnaires Focus groups Experimentation Scientific Controlled variables
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Informal Research Method
(Continued) Informal Research Method Brainstorm For: - Routine tasks - Projects Look in files Talk to your boss Audience Interview Survey Questionnaires Telephone Create agenda Short time limits Quantity / Quality ALL must participate WILD thinking Organize ideas
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Understand relationships & accept views
2. Organize Understand relationships & accept views
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VS. 2. Organize Lists Outlines (Continued) Quick Directly on letter
Ideas to cover Hierarchy Organize thoughts Topic Major points Support Formats: Alphanumeric Decimal
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2. Organize Direct Patterns Indirect Patterns (Continued)
Expected audience: Pleased Somewhat interested Neutral Main point Details Typical: Routine requests Informational presentations Expected audience: Displeased Uninterested Hostile Message types: Bad / Sensitive news Require persuasion Typical: Time Up front Avoid frustration Prepared receiver Fair hearing Minimize (–) reaction
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3. Compose In a quiet environment
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3. Compose Effective sentences (Continued) Write quickly Avoid: Short
Fragment Run-on Comma splice Short 20 or – Emphasize ideas: Underline / Bold / Italics Vivid words Label idea @ first or last Simple Make the subject
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3. Compose Modifiers Active VS. Passive (Continued) Dangling:
Describes missing word Who? What? Misplaced: Word described is too far Who? Solution: Move closer to word it describes Active Passive Subjet Doer Acted upon Sentences Direct Indirect Easy & Short Soften Business Writing Most Emphasize, de-emphasize & conceal
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3. Compose Paragraphs Paragraph Plans (Continued) ONE topic 8 or –
Main first Links ideas Key Pronouns Dovetail Transition 3 sentence types: Main Supporting Limiting Direct Immediate clarification Define, classify, illustrate, describe Pivoting Start with limiting Compare / Contrast Indirect Start with supporting Bad news
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Bibliography Business Communication, Comm 212. "Writing Process Phase 2: Research, Organize, Compose." Business Communication: Process and Product. Toronto: Nelson Educaton, Print.
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