1. Evidence for Evolution
Time
Fossil Record
Homologous Structures
Embryology
Molecular Biology

2. Is the Earth Old Enough?

3. Time Scale for Life

4. Evidence for Evolution
Time
Fossil Record
Homologous Structures
Embryology
Molecular Biology

5. The Fossil Record

6. A Whale of a Story

7. Barbellus

8. Evidence for Evolution
Geologic Time Scale
Fossil Record
Homologous Structures
Embryology
Molecular Biology

9. Homologous Structures

10. Genes and Homologous Structures
How many?
How long?

11. Evidence for Evolution
Geologic Time Scale
Fossil Record
Homologous Structures
Embryology
Molecular Biology

12. Evolution Replays in the Embryo

13. Whale Embryos

14. Eye Evolution

15. Evidence for Evolution
Geologic Time Scale
Fossil Record
Homologous Structures
Embryology
Molecular Biology

16. Molecular Biology Clues
Proteins
Enzymes – amino acid sequences
Genetic Material
DNA base sequences
Nuclear DNA
Mitochondrial DNA

17. Cytochrome C found in all aerobic organisms in ETC in mitochondria
essential enzyme
104 amino acid polypeptide chain

18. Cytochrome C amino acid sequence
All have a phenylalanine at position 10, proline at 30 and methione at 80

19. Clues from Cytochrome C
66* 36 31 20 17 13
Human
Pig
Duck
Snake
Tuna
Moth
Yeast
* Number of base differences
in gene coding for Cytochrome C

20. Are Dinosaurs Among Us?

21. The length of the branch is proportional
Phylogenetic Tree of Species based on the Amino Acid Sequence of Cytochrome c.
Figure from Voet, Biochemistry - copyright 1990 John Wiley & Sons
The length of the branch is proportional
To the number of differences in the
amino acid sequence

22. Human Migration