1. Era of Good Feelings
AP U.S. History

2. Think About It
Explain the impact of work, exchange, and technology on American progress during the Era of Good Feelings.

3. A National Perception Fourth of July Celebration in Centre Square
John Lewis Krimmel, 1819

4. Era of Good Feelings James Monroe (D-R) (1817-1825)

5. Era of Good Feelings The Marshall Court
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Bank of the United States constitutional under “necessary and proper”
States could not tax the Bank - Supremacy Clause
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
Increased federal government’s interstate commerce authority
Chief Justice John Marshall

6. The Federal Government Is Supreme Over the States; The Federal Government Is Not Supreme Over the States
John Marshall – McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Spencer Roane – Editorial from the Richmond Enquirer (1819)
The American people have declared their constitution, and the laws made in pursuance thereof, to be supreme; but this principle would transfer the supremacy , in fact, to the States… The people of all the States have created the general government, and have conferred upon it the general power of taxation. The people of all the States, and the States themselves, are represented in Congress, and, by their representatives, exercise this power...when a State taxes the operations of the government of the United States, it acts upon institutions created, not by their own constitutents, but by people over whom they claim no control. It acts upon the measures of a government created by others as well as themselves, for the benefit of others in common with themselves... The result is a conviction that the States have no power, by taxation or otherwise, to retard, impede, burden, or in any manner control, the operations of the constitutional laws enacted by Congress to carry into execution the powers vested in the general government.
[The] Constitution conveyed only a limited grant of powers to the general government, and reserved the residuary powers to the governments of the states and the to the people; and that the Tenth Amendment was merely declaratory of this principle… The limited grant to Congress of certain enumerated powers only carried with it such additional powers as were fairly incidental to them, or, in other words, were necessary and proper for their execution... It is laid down in the report before mentioned that Congress under the terms “necessary and proper” have only all incidental powers necessary and proper, etc., and that the only inquiry is whether the power is properly an incident to an express power and necessary to its execution, and that if it is not, Congress cannot exercise it.

7. Era of Good Feelings The Great Triumvirate
WEST
Henry Clay of Kentucky
NORTH
Daniel Webster of Massachusetts
SOUTH
John C. Calhoun of South Carolina

8. The Great Triumvirate Henry Clay
From Kentucky; representing the West
Slave holder
U.S. House of Representative
Democratic-Republican
War Hawk
Speaker of the House
American Colonization Society
American System
Missouri Compromise (1820)
South America and Greek Independence Movements
Election of 1824
Secretary of State
U.S. Senator
National Republican/Whig Party
Election of 1832
Nullification Crisis/Compromise Tariff of 1833
Bank War
Election of 1844
Compromise of 1850

9. The Great Triumvirate Daniel Webster
From Massachusetts; representing the North
Federalist
Constitutional lawyer
McCullouch v. Maryland (1819)
Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
U.S. House of Representative
U.S. Senator
Nullification Crisis/Webster-Hayne Debate (1830)
Secretary of State
Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1840)
Compromise of 1850
Seventh of March Speech

10. The Great Triumvirate John C. Calhoun
From South Carolina; representing the South
U.S. House of Representative
Democratic-Republican
War Hawk
Secretary of War
Bureau of Indian Affairs
Vice President
John Q. Adams
Andrew Jackson
U.S. Senator
Democrat
Nullification Crisis/South Carolina Exposition and Protest (1828)
Positive Good Speech (1837)
Secretary of State
Oregon Territory
Texas annexation
Compromise of 1850

11. Era of Good Feelings Missouri Compromise (1820)
Proposed by Henry Clay
Missouri admitted as slave state
Maine admitted as free state
Establish Latitude 36 30’ Line
North of the line is free
South of the line is slave
“Missouri question aroused and filled me with alarm…I have been among the most sanguine in believing that our Union would be of long duration. I now doubt it much.” - Thomas Jefferson, April 13, 1820

12. Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)

13. Era of Good Feelings Monroe Doctrine (1823)
U.S. and Great Britain concerned about European expansion into Americas
John Q. Adams authored
Points
Americas no longer to subject to European colonization
Europe must not interfere with sovereignty of independent nations in Americas

14. America’s Market Revolution
Subsistence farming to market specialization
Free enterprise system
Capital investment and state charters
Development of state and national infrastructure and networks

15. America’s Market Economy Cumberland Road

16. America’s Market Economy Erie Canal

17. America’s Market Economy The Clermont

18. America’s Market Economy Railroad
Faster and durable form of transportation
Introduced in late 1820s
Only small lines between major regional cities

19. America’s Market Economy Telegraph
Samuel Morse in 1844
Information becomes widespread
Efficient control and administration of politics, business, transportation, markets

20. America’s Market Economy

21. America’s Market Economy

22. America’s Market Economy Innovations
Steam engine
Spinning jenny
Interchangeable parts
Cotton gin

23. America’s Market Economy: Agriculture and Cotton
Evolution of Cotton
Technological Advancements
Eli Whitney’s cotton gin
Improved transportation
King Cotton
Impact of Improved Agriculture
Regional specialization
Increased drive for western expansion
Increased demand for slavery

24. America’s Market Economy: Industry and the Factory System
Evolution of Textiles
Putting-out system
Technological advancements
Samuel Slater
Lowell System
Vertically integrated system
Boardinghouses
Recruitment of young women
Impact of Industrialization
Increased output
Opportunities for unskilled labor
Weakened artisans
Increased urbanization
Increased American competitiveness

25. America’s Market Economy The American System
Henry Clay’s Plan
Protective tariffs
Develop domestic industries
Source of federal revenue including infrastructure projects
Tariff of 1816
Rate of 20-25%
National bank
Facilitate commerce and credit systems
Second Bank of the United States (BUS) (1816)
Infrastructure
National roads, canals, internal improvements
Improved transportation connected and expanded markets

26. America’s Market Economy Panic of 1819
Causes
Western land speculation
War inflation then post-war deflation
BUS pursued contractionary monetary policy
Aftermath
First recession of market economy
Northern manufacturers demanded high tariffs
Southern farmers demanded low tariffs
Westerners criticized speculators and bankers

28. United States c. 1824