1. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Chapter 7

2. Bring oxygen rich air into the body for delivery to blood cells which then deliver it to body tissues
Expel waste products including carbon dioxide and water (a major source of fluid loss from the body)
Produce air flow through the larynx to make speech possible
FUNCTION

3. UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
NOSE
MOUTH
PHARYNX
EPIGLOTTIS
LARYNX
TRACHEA
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

4. Structures of the Upper Respiratory Tract

5. THE NOSE Combining Forms: Nas/o; rhin/o Nostrils-external opening
Cilia-thin hairs that line the nostrils
Mucous Membrane-lining of the nose
Mucus-secretion that lubricates and protects tissue; moistens, warms, and filters as it enters.
Olfactory receptors-nerve ending used for the sense of smell; also important for the sense of taste

6. Airfilled cavities which serve to lighten the weight of the skull and give resonance to the voice
Frontal-located just above the eyebrows, infection can cause pain in the area
Sphenoid-located behind the eye and close to the optic nerve, infection can cause vision damage
Maxillary-located in the maxillary bone under the eyes, infection can cause pain in the posterior maxillary teeth
Ethmoid-located between the nose and the eyes
Combining form: sinus/o
PARANASAL SINUSES

7. PHARYNX (THROAT) THREE DIVISIONS NASOPHARYNX- Allows passage of air
OROPHARYNX- Passage of air, food, fluids
LARYNGOPHARYNX-Passage of air, food, fluids
Combining form: pharyng/o
PHARYNX (THROAT)

8. Located between the pharynx (throat) and the trachea (windpipe)
Protected by 9 cartilages, the largest of which is the thyroid cartilage, also known as the “adam’s apple)
Contains the vocal cords
Combining form: laryng/o
LARYNX (VOICE BOX)

9. Protective Swallowing Mechanisms
Soft palate moves upward to block food from the nasopharynx
Epiglottis swings downward to close off the laryngopharynx so that food does not enter the trachea and the lungs
Combining form : epiglott/o

11. Lungs Right= Larger and has 3 lobes Left=
2 lobes due to the heart being on that side of the body
Lungs

13. Trachea – tube (windpipe) from pharynx to lungs to transports air to and from the lungs; c-shaped cartilage which allows food to travel down.
-- combining form: Trache/o
Bronchi – 2 large tubes that branch from the trachea and convey air to the lungs; divided into bronchioles which are the smallest branches of the bronchi
--bronchi/o or bronch/o -- singular is bronchus
Alveoli – grape like clusters at the end of the bronchioles; allows the exchange of o2 and co2;
--combining form: alveol/o
Lungs Sections

15. PLEURA Another double sided membrane
Covers the outer surface of the lungs and the inner surface of the rib cage (recall the peri cardium)
Parietal-outer layer (relating to the walls of cavity)
Visceral-inner (relating to the internal organs)
Pleural space-fluid filled space located between the two, lubricant that allows slideing during respiration
PLEURA

16. Muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
Allows action of breathing by contraction and expansion
Innervated by the phrenic nerve
DIAPHRAGM

17. RESPIRATION External (breathing) – one inhalation and one expiration
Inhalation – diaphragm moves downward, chest cavity expands causing a vacuum which draws air in.
Exhalation – diaphragm relaxes, moves upward as chest cavity becomes smaller, increasing pressure which forces the air out
RESPIRATION

18. External Respiration
Bringing air in and out of the lungs from the outside environment and exchanging o2 and co2
Internal Respiration
Exchange of gases within the body tissues and organs
Oxygen passes from the bloodstream to cells
Carbon dioxide passes from cells into the blood stream

19. Exchange of gases within the body tissues and organs
Oxygen passes from the bloodstream to cells
Carbon dioxide passes from cells into the blood stream
INTERNAL RESPIRATION

21. OTOLARYNGOLOGIST (ot/o=ear + laryng/o=larynx + ologist=? )
Pulmonologist (pulmon=? + ologist=?)
MEDICAL SPECIALITIES

22. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES

26. UPPER RESPIRATORY DISEASES
Upper respiratory infections-common cold
Allergic rhinitis-allergy
Croup-acute respiratory infection in children characterized by hoarseness, swelling around the vocal cord resulting in barking cough and stridor
Diphtheria-acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract. Can cause damage to the heart and peripheral nerves. Can be immunized.
Influenza-
Pertussis-whooping cough bacterial infection of the UPT.
Sinusitis- sinus=? + it is=?)
UPPER RESPIRATORY DISEASES

27. RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS Pleurisy (pleuritis)
Pleural effusion-excess accumulation of fluid in the pleural space which prevent the lung from completely expanding fig 7.12
Pneumothorax-Accumulation of air in the pleural space. Often caused by a hole in the lung which allows the air to enter the pleural space where it is trapped and causes lung to collapse due to pressure imbalance.
Pulmonary edema-fluid in the lung tissue (alveoli) symptom of heart failure
Pulmonary embolism-sudden blockage of pulmonary artery by a foreign object formed in the leg or pelvic region.
RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS

30. TB
Bacterial lung infection; results in inflammation and calcification of lungs – can have widespread effects all over the body
Main symptom is coughing (with blood)

31. Inflammation of lungs where they fill with pus or mucus (30 different kinds
Bronchopneumonia-located where?
Lobar pneumonia-larger areas of the lungs
PNEUMONIA

32. BREATHING DISORDERS Apnea-? Bradypnea- ? Tachypena-?
Cheyne-stroke-irregular patterns of breathing
Dyspena-?
BREATHING DISORDERS

37. Pop Question 1 The flow of air in and out of the lungs is called:
External respiration
Cellular respiration
Ventilation
Internal respiration
Pop Question 1

38. Answer 1 The flow of air in and out of the lungs is called:
External respiration
Cellular respiration
Ventilation
Internal respiration
Answer 1

39. Pop Question 2 Which is NOT part of the throat? Oropharynx
Tracheopharynx
Nasopharynx
Laryngopharynx
Pop Question 2

40. Answer 2 Which is NOT part of the throat? Oropharynx Tracheopharynx
Nasopharynx
Laryngopharynx
Answer 2

41. The _______ covers the larynx to keep food out of the lungs.
Esophagus
Eustachian tube
Thyroid cartilage
Epiglottis
Pop Question 3

42. Answer 3 The _______ covers the larynx to keep food out of the lungs.
Esophagus
Eustachian tube
Thyroid cartilage
Epiglottis
Answer 3

43. When the diaphragm contracts, air flows _________ the lungs.
Into
Out of
Pop Question 4

44. Answer 4 When the diaphragm contracts, air flows _________ the lungs.
Into
Out of
Answer 4

45. Pop Question 5 The air sacs in the lungs are called: Bronchioles
Alveoli
Cilia
Sinuses
Pop Question 5

46. Answer 5 The air sacs in the lungs are called: Bronchioles Alveoli
Cilia
Sinuses
Answer 5

47. Pop Question 6 Which term means the surgical repair of the voice box?
Laryngectomy
Tracheotomy
Pharyngoplasty
Laryngoplasty
Pop Question 6

48. Answer 6 Which term means the surgical repair of the voice box?
Laryngectomy
Tracheotomy
Pharyngoplasty
Laryngoplasty
Answer 6

49. Pop Question 7 Which term means normal breathing and respiratory rate?
Dyspnea
Eupnea
Bradypnea
Orthopnea
Pop Question 7

50. Answer 7 Which term means normal breathing and respiratory rate?
Dyspnea
Eupnea
Bradypnea
Orthopnea
Answer 7

51. Pop Question 8 Which of the following is a term for a nosebleed?
Hemoptysis
Patent
Epistaxis
Aspiration
Pop Question 8

52. Answer 8 Which of the following is a term for a nosebleed? Hemoptysis
Patent
Epistaxis
Aspiration
Answer 8

53. Which of the following is NOT a term for an abnormal breath sound?
Stridor
Rhonchi
Crackles
Asphyxia
Pop Question 9

54. Which of the following is NOT a term for an abnormal breath sound?
Stridor
Rhonchi
Crackles
Asphyxia
Answer 9

55. Pop Question 10 Mucus coughed up from the respiratory tract is called:
Sputum
Patent
Phlegm
Hemoptysis
Pop Question 10

56. Answer 10 Mucus coughed up from the respiratory tract is called:
Sputum
Patent
Phlegm
Hemoptysis
Answer 10

57. Pop Question 11 What is the common name for pertussis? Flu
Whooping cough
Miner’s lung
Walking pneumonia
Pop Question 11

58. Answer 11 What is the common name for pertussis? Flu Whooping cough
Miner’s lung
Walking pneumonia
Answer 11

59. Overexpanded alveoli are a characteristic of which condition?
Emphysema
Atelectasis
Pleurisy
Bronchiectasis
Pop Question 12

60. Overexpanded alveoli are a characteristic of which condition?
Emphysema
Atelectasis
Pleurisy
Bronchiectasis
Answer 12

61. A machine that assists patients unable to breathe on their own is a(n):
Cardiopulmonary resuscitator
Nasal canula
Ventilator
Endotracheal intubation
Pop Question 13

62. A machine that assists patients unable to breathe on their own is a(n):
Cardiopulmonary resuscitator
Nasal canula
Ventilator
Endotracheal intubation
Answer 13

63. Which abbreviation is for a medical specialty that treats conditions of the upper respiratory system?
SOB
ENT
DPT
SARS
Pop Question 14

64. Which abbreviation is for a medical specialty that treats conditions of the upper respiratory system?
SOB
ENT
DPT
SARS
Answer 14