1. Popular Culture of the 1960’s and the Nixon Administration

2. COUNTER CULTURE
Reaction against the conservative government, social norms of the 1950s, the political conservatism of the Cold War period, and the US Government's extensive military intervention in Vietnam
New Left
Middle class college students
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)
Founded at the University of Michigan in 1960
Organizational base for New Left
Believed colleges were a natural base to promote social change
Began protesting the lack of student freedoms
Dress code, course requirements, and discrimination in sororities, fraternities, and admissions
Began student anti-war movement

3. COUNTER CULTURE New Left Free Speech Movement
Organized at Berkeley in 1964
Used sit-ins and taking over college buildings to protest the war
Young International Party
Democratic National Convention in 1968
Chicago
Anti-war protest
Police brutality

4. COUNTERCULTURE Hippies Middle class youth Dress Lifestyle choices
Jeans, tie-dyed shirts, sandals, beards, long hair
Lifestyle choices
Drugs
Marijuana
LSD (Hallucinogenic)
Music
Communes
Groups living together shaping responsibilities
Haight-Ashbury (San Francisco)
Focal point

5. COUNTERCULTURE Woodstock Aug. 15-18, 1969 Bethel, New York
500,000 people
32 music groups/artists
Camped outside
30 min wait for water
90 min wait for restrooms
2 deaths
2 births
Focal point of counterculture

6. POPULAR CULTURE Literature Expressed problems in society
Race relations
To Kill a Mockingbird-Harper Lee
Feminism
The Bell Jar-Sylvia Plath
The Feminine Mystique-Betty Friedan

7. POPULAR CULTURE Music Rhythm & Blues (R & B) African Americans
Supremes
Aretha Franklin
James Brown
Jimi Hendrix
Folk Music
Counterculture
Bob Dylan
Joan Baez
Peter, Paul & Mary

8. POPULAR CULTURE Music Teenage influence Acid/psychedelic Rock
Beach Boys
Beatles
Righteous Brothers
Acid/psychedelic Rock
Influenced by drug use
Jefferson Airplane
Grateful Dead

9. Nixon’s Administration

10. Nixon’s New conservatism
New Federalism
Decrease size and influence of the federal government
New Federalism- give part of federal power to state, local government
Revenue sharing
State, local governments now decide how to spend federal money
Welfare Reform
Family Assistance Plan gives family of four a base income
Senate defeat bill

11. New Federalism Wears Two Faces
Nixon backs some social spending increases to win Democratic support
Tries to dismantle some programs, impounds funds for others
Courts order release of impounded funds
Law and Order Politics
Nixon moves aggressively to end war
Begins law and order politics to end riots
Sometimes uses illegal tactics

12. Nixon’s Southern Strategy
A New South
Southern strategy- appeal to dislike of desegregation
Nixon Slow Integration
To attract white voters in the South
Nixon slows desegregation
Supreme Court orders Nixon to comply with Brown ruling
Controversy over Busing
Supreme court rules school districts may bus to end segregation
Nixon goes on national TV to urge Congress to halt busing

13. Nixon’s Foreign Policy
Kissinger and Realpolitik
Henry Kissinger
National security advisor and later secretary of state
Realpolitik
Foreign policy based on power issues, not ideals, morals
Calls for U.S. to confront powerful nations and ignore weak
Nixon and Kissinger follow policy of détente
Easing Cold War tensions

14. Nixon travels to Moscow
Nixon Visits China
1971, Nixon visits China
China Agrees to:
Cooperate over disputes, have scientific cultural exchange
Nixon travels to Moscow
1972
Signs SALT I Treaty
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks limit missiles

15. Watergate: Nixon’s Downfall
An imperial Presidency
Events of previous decades have led to the executive branch being most powerful
Nixon expands presidential powers and ignores Congress
The President’s Men
Nixon has small group of advisers
Like him, desire secrecy

16. A Bungled Burglary
Committee to Reelect the President break into Democratic headquarters
Watergate scandal is administration’s attempt to cover up break-in
Destroy documents, try to stop investigation, buy burglars’ silence
Washington Post reporters link administration to break-in
White House denies allegations
Nixon reelected by landslide

17. Senate Investigates Watergate
Judge John Sirica presides burglars’ trial
Thinks they did not act alone
Startling Testimony
Dean, white house counsel, declares Nixon involved in cover-up
Alexander Butterfield says Nixon tapes presidential conversations
Tapes involved

18. The Fall of the President
Nixon Releases the Tapes
March 1974, grand jury indicts 7 presidential aides
Charges include conspiracy, obstruction of justice, perjury
Nixon tells TV audience he is releasing edited transcripts
July, Supreme Court rules unanimously Nixon must surrender tapes

19. The President Resigns
House Judiciary Committee approves 3 articles of impeachment
Obstruction of justice, abuse of power, contempt of Congress
Nixon releases tapes
Before full House votes on impeachment, Nixon resigns
The Effects of Watergate
25 members of administration convicted, serve prison terms

20. When President Richard Nixon resigned on August 9, 1974, Gerald Ford assumed the presidency,
On September 8, President Ford pardoned Nixon of all crimes associated with the Watergate scandal