1. Chemical and Physical Properties of Matter Part 1

2. What are properties? Matter has observable and measurable qualities.
We can use general properties to identify substances.
Two basic types of properties of matter: Physical properties and Chemical properties:

3. Properties are… Words that describe matter (adjectives)
Physical Properties- a property that can be observed and measured without changing the material’s composition. Seen through direct observation
Examples- color, hardness, density

4. Chemical Properties- a property that can only be observed by changing the composition of the material through a chemical change or reaction
Examples- ability to burn, decompose, ferment, react with, etc.

5. List of Physical Properties
Phase –state of matter at room temperature(solid, liquid, gas)
Melting/Freezing point —temp at which a substances changes from a solid to liquid or liquid to solid
Boiling/Condensation point —temp at which substances changes from a liquid to gas or gas to liquid

6. Color –way an object absorbs or reflects light
Hardness – is the ability for an object to resist being scratched (harder object will scratch a softer one)
Luster – shininess of a material
Brittleness—the ease at which something will break
Malleability – property of most metals, how easily rolled into sheets or bent into shapes

7. Solubility: the ability to dissolve in another substance Ductility: the ability to be drawn into wires(most metals) Density: mass per unit of volume Viscosity : how easily the substance will flow

8. List of Chemical Properties
Flammability/Combustion: the ability of a substance to burn or ignite,
causing fire or combustion.
Reactivity: does it combine chemically
with another substance
Oxidation/Rusting: is the process when oxygen combines
with a substance changing it in appearance or makeup
PH: pH is a numeric scale used to specify the acidity
or basicity of a substance

9. Part 2 Chemical and Physical Changes

10. Physical vs. Chemical Change
Physical change will change the visible appearance, without changing the composition of the material.
Boil, melt, cut, bend, split, crack
Is boiled water still water?
Can be reversible, or irreversible

11. Physical Changes

12. Physical Changes EX: Boiling Water would be:
Physical only
The steam is still H2O it is in a different state of matter, but it is still the same type of matter chemically!!!
melting

13. Indicators of a Physical Change
change in size, shape, state or creates a mixture. You still have the same material.

14. Chemical Changes
Chemical change - a change where a new form of matter is formed.
Rust, burn, decompose, ferment
The ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change is called a chemical property.
Ex. iron plus oxygen forms rust, so the ability to rust is a chemical property of iron
During a chemical change (also called chemical reaction), the composition of matter always changes.

15. Chemical Reactions are…
When one or more substances are changed into new substances.
Reactants- the stuff you start with
Products- what you make
The products will have NEW PROPERTIES different from the reactants you started with
Arrow points from the reactants to the new products

16. Examples of Chemical Changes
Cooking an egg
Metal rusting
Baking a cake
Fireworks
Light Stick

17. Recognizing Chemical Changes
Energy is absorbed or released (temperature changes hotter or colder)
Color changes
Gas production (bubbling, fizzing, change; smoke)
Sound or change in odor
formation of a precipitate - a solid that separates from solution (won’t dissolve)
Irreversibility - not easily reversed
But, there are examples of these that are not chemical – boiling water bubbles, etc.

18. Chemicals React and produce heat. (Exothermic reaction)
Because heat is released when these chemicals mix together, you feel it as hot.

19. Chemicals React and absorb heat from the environment.
(Endothermic)
Because heat is absorbed when these chemicals mix together. You feel the coolness.

20. Physical vs. Chemical rusting iron? dissolving in water? Chemical
Examples:
rusting iron?
dissolving in water?
burning a log?
melting ice?
grinding spices?
chopping a log in half?
Chemical
Physical
Chemical
Physical
Physical
Physical