1. Shock

2. Objectives Describe shock List the causes of shock
Describe the types of shock & their causes
Describe the compensatory & decompensatory stages of shock
Recognize the signs & symptoms of shock

3. Scope Shock Causes of Shock Types of Shock Stages of Shock
Compensatory Shock
Compensatory Stage
Decompensatory Shock
Decompensatory Stage
Signs and Symptoms of Shock
Management of Shock
Conclusion

4. Shock Shock is a condition in which:- blood flow oxygen
nutrients to the tissues
are inadequate for normal cell function

5. Causes of Shock
Shock can be caused by illness or trauma
Pump failure
Loss of blood
Loss of vascular tone

6. Types of Shock Hypovolemic shock caused by blood loss
external bleeding, internal bleeding, loss of plasma (burns) continue

7. Types of Shock Cardiogenic shock caused by heart (pump) failure
heart attack ….continue

8. Types of Shock Respiratory Shock
Caused by insufficient oxygen in the blood
Chest injury, airway obstruction, or paralysis of the breathing muscles (e,g, from spinal injury) …continue

9. Types of Shock Neurogenic Shock
Caused by loss of control of the nervous systems (loss of vascular tone)
Spinal cord injury
...continue

10. Types of Shock Metabolic Shock Caused by the loss of body fluids
Excessive diarrhea, vomiting, or urination …continue

11. Types of Shock Anaphylactic Shock Caused by loss of vascular tone
Extremely allergic, (e.g. insect sting, foods, drugs, dust)
…continue

12. Types of Shock Psychogenic Shock (fainting)
Caused by loss of vascular tone
Temporary condition
Reaction to fear, bad news, the sight of blood, or a minor injury …continue

13. Types of Shock Septic Shock Caused by a severe infection,
Loss of vascular tone & blood volume
Contaminated IV, recent surgery, prolonged illness or infection
…continue

14. Stages of Shock 1st stage of Shock 2nd stage of Shock
Compensatory Shock
2nd stage of Shock
Decompensatory Shock

15. Compensatory Shock
To protect these organs, the body does the following:
Increases the rate & force of the heartbeat
Constricts the blood vessels of the skin
Selectively constricts/vasoconstriction some of the blood vessels in organs

16. Compensatory Stage Initial Signs Lethargy or weakness Confusion Fear
Irritability, Agitation
Disorientation

17. Decompensatory Shock
The causes of compensatory shock are not corrected, decompensatory shock take place
B/P falls further
Blood pools in the extremities & cardiac output is reduced
Usually results in death

18. Decompensatory Stage Late Signs
Drowsiness, deteriorating to loss of consciousness
A change in level of consciousness
Patient may be uncooperative, abusive, or combative

19. Signs & Symptoms of Shock
Decreased LOC
Decreased B/P (less than 90/60)
Weak, rapid heart rate
Pale, clammy, cool skin
Shallow, rapid breathing
Thirst ….continue

20. Signs & Symptoms of Shock
Restlessness, Anxiety
Weakness
Shivering

21. Management of Shock RSE DABCs RBS External bleeding - Direct pressure
Elevation the body part
Use a tourniquet (Last resort only) ….continue

22. Management of Shock Internal bleeding Minimize movement of the patient
Keep the patient flat, raise & support the legs
Provide reassurance
Never give the patient anything to eat or drink
Administer oxygen
Rapid Transport

23. Conclusion
The Shock patient cannot be stabilized in the field
The Shock patient must be rapidly transported to a medical facility