1. The aged cardiovascular risk patient
H.-J. Priebe 
British Journal of Anaesthesia 
Volume 85, Issue 5, Pages (November 2000)
DOI: /bja/
Copyright © 2000 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Cardiac adjustments to arterial stiffening during ageing. LV=left ventricular. MDO2=myocardial oxygen supply. MVO2=myocardial oxygen demand.
British Journal of Anaesthesia  , DOI: ( /bja/ )
Copyright © 2000 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Cardiac response to increased flow demand in the young and the elderly. The young meet the increased flow demand primarily by β-adrenoceptor-mediated augmentation of heart rate and contractility, thus preserving preload reserve via the Frank–Starling mechanism. In contrast, the elderly employ primarily the preload reserve to augment cardiac performance, thereby losing additional cardiovascular reserve and becoming susceptible to cardiac insufficiency. EDV=end-diastolic volume; LV=left ventricular; Δ=change.
British Journal of Anaesthesia  , DOI: ( /bja/ )
Copyright © 2000 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
Changes in vasculature and heart with ageing, leading to cardiovascular disease with advancing age. The line bisecting the top and bottom parts indicates the point when ‘normal’ ageing (below the line) will produce symptoms of disease (above the line). (Reproduced with permission from Lakatta EG. Aging effects on the vasculature in health. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Am J Geriatr Cardiol 1994; 3: 11–17.)
British Journal of Anaesthesia  , DOI: ( /bja/ )
Copyright © 2000 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions