1. Reconstruction

2. POLITICAL CARTOONS OF THE CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION ERAS
Warm Up
POLITICAL CARTOONS OF THE CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION ERAS

4. August 5, 1865 Columbia's sympathetic gesture towards a wounded black soldier is a reply to a previous panel in which Southern landowners ask her forgiveness. Columbia asks, "Shall I Trust These Men, and Not This Man?"

5. March 23, 1867 In this view of Southern justice, a Northerner and a black man are accused of murder and then lynched, while in another panel a Southern gentleman accused of murder is humorously chided by the court.

6. "One Less Vote." The Fourteenth Amendment, granting black men the right to vote, was ratified in July Every black vote became a threat to white Southerners' political power. The stone reads, "Negroe Killed, Seymour Ratification, KKK."

7. March 23, 1867 In this commentary on President Andrew Johnson's veto of the military government bill, Nast portrays the scales of justice favoring the South and the Confederate Army.

8. September 5, 1868 "This Is a White Man's Government."
Nast's view of the Democratic platform for the divisive presidential election of 1868 places the Democratic candidate in partnership with the poor Irish of the North and loyal Confederates of the South (and its Lost Cause) to keep black men from gaining access to government.

9. October 24, 1874 The organized violence of the Ku Klux Klan and the White League made life "worse than slavery" for Southern blacks.

10. March 14, 1874 The cover of Harper's Weekly shows black legislators stooping to name-calling as Columbia says, "You are aping the lowest whites. If you disgrace your race in this way you had better take back seats."

11. September 2, 1876 Recognizing the failure of Reconstruction, Nast asks, "Is This a Republican Form of Government? Is This Protecting Life, Liberty, or Property? Is This the Equal Protection of the Laws?"

12. America: Post-Civil War
What problems would the US be facing after the Civil War?
What issues must be addressed through Reconstruction?
Who will be in charge of Reconstruction?

13. The Reconstruction Era
President Lincoln, President Johnson, and the Radical Republicans

14. The Need for Reconstruction
Reconstruction – period when the United States began to rebuild after the Civil War ( )
To unify the Nation
Politically – allow rebel states back into the Union
Socially
To help the Freedmen
To secure the changes created by the Civil War

15. President Lincoln’s Plan
Lenient
13th Amendment = End Slavery (1865)
1863 – Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction
10% Plan
Pardon Confederates who would swear allegiance to the Union
Readmitted to Union if 10% of those who had voted in 1860 swore an oath of allegiance
Question: Who was able to vote in Southern states in 1960? Why would this be a problem for Reconstruction?

16. President Johnson’s Plan
May, 1865
(Became president after Lincoln was assassinated)
Lenient
Break the Planters’ power
Keep wealthy and powerful Southerners from taking the oath needed for voting privileges
However, Johnson believed that whites should rule the South
Pardoned more than 13,000 Confederates!
1866 – Vetoed laws passed by Congress
Freedmen’s Bureau Act (create more help for freedmen)
Civil Rights Act (Outlaw black codes, give blacks full citizenship)

17. Radical Republican’s Plan
Leaders
Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts
Representative Thaddeus Stevens of Pennsylvania
Destroy all power of former slaveholders
African Americans
Given full citizenship
Given the right to vote
Overrode Johnson’s vetoes
Created 14th Amendment
All men born or naturalized in the United States are guaranteed life, liberty, property, and protection under the law
Passed Reconstruction Act of 1867
States readmitted under Lincoln and Johnson were not recognized until they followed the Republican’s plan

18. Johnson’s Impeachment
What does “impeachment” mean?
Why?
Radical Republicans thought Johnson was blocking Reconstruction
How?
Johnson broke the law!
Tenure of Office Act (1868) – didn’t have Senate’s approval to remove Secretary of War Edwin Stanton but did it anyway!
What happened?
Congress voted not to convict Johnson
Johnson did not run for a second term

19. - Reconstruction’s Course - Congressional Reconstruction
Reconstruction Act of 1867 (Republicans)
Divided Confederate states into five military districts
In order to reenter the Union states had to…
Grant African American men suffrage (the right to vote)
Ratify the Fourteenth Amendment (States cannon deny rights and privileges to any U.S. citizen, all persons born or naturalized in the U.S.) By 1970, also the 15th Amendment
Ulysses S. Grant elected in 1868
9 out of 10 Southern blacks voted for Grant in 1868
Congress passed the Fifteenth Amendment (1870)
No man can be kept from voting because of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude”

20. Summary of Major Political Changes
Amendments 13, 14 & 15

21. The Amendments of the Civil War
Explain this Amendment to the Constitution in your own words.
13th Amendment: Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

22. The Amendments of the Civil War
Explain this Amendment to the Constitution in your own words.
14th Amendment: All persons born or naturalized in the United States…are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges…of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

23. The Amendments of the Civil War
Explain this Amendment to the Constitution in your own words.
15th Amendment: The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.