1. Unit 1
The World

2. Absolute location Relative location ex: Equator – Prime meridian-
Hemisphere –
Relative location
ex:

3. Places and Regions Place – Region –
Identify the three types of regions.

4. Physical system – ecosystem
Human system – movement
Environment and Society – Human environment and interaction
What can geography provide?

5. Geographers craft Explain how Physical and human geography differ?
List the four specialized research methods used by geographers.
Why do Geographers study the history government, culture, and economics of the earth?

6. Chapter 2
Planet Earth

7. List the planets
Explain the difference between a meteroroid, asteroid, and comet.

8. Hydrosphere –
Lithosphere-
Atmosphere –
Biosphere-
What is a landform?

9. Earths Surface Explain how the Earth Is layered.
Identify why there is plate movement.
How are mountains formed?
What id the difference between a fold and a fault?
Identify what an earthquake is.
What are volcanoes?

10. External forces of Change
Weathering – physical and chemical what is the difference between the two.
Wind erosion –
Glacial erosion-
Water erosion-

11. Earth’s Water Describe the water cycle
____ of the earth’s surface is made up of water, but almost all of it is salt water.
List the oceans
Identify the process used to remove salt from sea water in order for consumption.
____ of the earth total water supply is freshwater, ___ is frozen, and ____ is beneath the earth’s surface.

12. Chapter 3
Climate of the Earth

13. Climate and weather Weather – condition of the atmosphere
Climate- term of the weather pattern

14. Earth’s tilt and Rotation
Axis – imaginary line running from North pole to the South Pole through the planet’s center. 23 ½ degrees
Temperature – how hot or cold it may be
Fahrenheit or Celsius

15. Earth’s revolution Revolution – a trip around the sun
365 days, 1 year
Equinox – “equal night”
March 21st
Sun rays directly hit the Earth
North Hemisphere – Spring
Southern Hemisphere – Summer

16. The tropics of capricorn and cancer
Tropic of Capricorn
Southern most lattiude 23 ½ s December 22nd
Rays farther from the sun
Tropic of Cancer
Northern most 23 ½ N Latitude June 21st
Rays closest to the sun
Solstice – marks the beginning of summer or winter

17. The poles
One pole tilted towards the sun while the other is not

18. Greenhouse effect
Green house effect – The atmosphere traps the warmth on the earth
What would happen without the green house effect?
Global warming – gradual warming of the Earth and its atmosphere that may be caused in part by pollution and an increase in greenhouse effect

19. Latitude and Climate
Low latitudes
High latitudes
mid latitudes

20. Elevation and Climate
How does elevation influence the climate?

21. Wind and ocean currents
Wind, water, and effects of the sun influence the _________________________________.
Rising warm air creates –
Falling cool air creates -

22. Wind patterns Prevailing winds –
Global winds – clockwise in the Northern hemisphere
- Counterclockwise in the Southern hemisphere
Coriolis effect

23. Weather and water cycle El Nino
Horse latitudes
Doldrums
Ocean currents
Weather and water cycle
El Nino

24. Landforms and climate
Windward
Leeward
Rain shadow

25. Climate regions Tropical climates Dry climates mid latitude climates
tropics
Dry climates
Oasis
mid latitude climates
Coniferous
Decidiuous
Mixed forrest
High latitude climates
Permafrost
Highlands climate

26. Climate changes
Hypothesis
smog

27. Chapter 4
The human world

28. World Population Death rate- Birth rate – Natural increase –
Doubling time –
Rapid population growth promotes many challenges to the global community. Why?
Explain negative population growth.

29. Population distribution
Population distribution – pattern of human settlement
Population density – average number of people living on a square mile or square kilometer of land.

30. Population movement Migration – movement of people place to place
Urbanization –
Refugee -

31. Elements of culture Culture – the way of life for a group of people
Language
Language families
Religion
Social group
Ethnic group
Government
Economic activities
Cultural regions
Culture region

32. Cultural change Cultural diffusion – Cultural heaths –
Explain how a surplus of food and the rise of cities would result in an increase in civilization.
Cultural contacts – spread of ideas and practices

33. Political systems Unitary system- Federal system- Autocracy –
Oligarchy –
Democracy –

34. Economic system Traditional economy – Market economy –
Command economy –
Socialism -
Communism -

35. Resources Natural resources-
Fossil fuels ( coal and oil) and other non renewable resources cannot be replaced, they must be conserved

36. Economic development Primary – taking directly from the earth
Secondary – raw materials to produce something new and valuable
Tertiary –
Quaternary –
Developed countries – ex:
Developing country – ex:
Industrialized ex:

37. World trade
A government tries to manage its country’s trade to benefit its own economy
Free trade

38. People and the environment
Pollution
Air
Water
Land