1. Models and Theories of Management and Leadership
Britt Andreatta, Ph.D.

2. Theories Over Time

3. Genetic Theory Original theory of leadership
Based on fiefdom model in Europe
Leaders are born into leadership roles as landowners (e.g., Duke, Count, Prince, etc.)
“Who’s your daddy?”

4. Trait Theory It’s about the traits… Developed in WWII
Based on study of best officers in military (skewed sample)
Failed to develop finite list
Some qualities of the best leaders were: male, white, Protestant, tall, good looking…
Modern version is multiple intelligences

5. Multiple Intelligences
Logical-mathematical
Spatial
Linguistic
Bodily-kinesthetic
Musical
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Naturalistic
Existential
Howard Gardener
Daniel Goleman
> “Emotional intelligence”

6. Behavioral Theories It’s about how leaders behave…
McGregor’s XY Theory
Lewin’s Model
Ouchi’s Z Theory
McGregor’s Theory X-Y holds that there are 2 kinds of leaders. The X leader who thinks people are lazy and do not want responsibility, and there for must be watch. Then there is the Y leader who thinking people like responsibility and enjoy there work, so they can be give freedom. The weakness in the model is it states you can not change, and also most people are not completely one way or the other.
Lewin divides leaders in to 3 groups. The first is Autocratic, an Autocratic leader centralizes all functions around him and behaves in an bullying manner. This is in contrast to the democratic leader, which works in a way in which many all ideas are counted, and there is a priority of relationships. The final is the laissez-fair model, which is effectively no leadership.
Ouchi – did work in Japan, and found that the focus was on the collective

7. Situational Theories It’s about the situation…
Fiedler’s Contingency Model
House’s Path-Goal Theory
Hersey & Blanchard’s Situational Model

8. Power Influence Theories
It’s about the role of power…
House’s Charismatic Leadership
Hollander’s Transactional Model
Hollander’s Social Exchange Model
Social Change Model & Grassroots Leadership

9. Transformational Theories
It’s about transformation…
Theory F
Kouzes & Posner’s Exemplary Practices Model

10. Transformational Theories
It’s about transformation…
most modern model, seen as best model for today’s businesses
idealized influence
inspirational motivation
intellectual stimulation
individualized consideration

11. Organizational Development
Not part of leadership theories but intimately related
Lewin’s Collaborative Change Process
Argyris’ Concept of Action Science
Weisbord’s Model
Beckhard’s Assumptions
Senge’s Disciplines
Argyris – left and right column (what was said, what I felt/thought but didn’t say)