1. Topographic Features
L.O: STUDENTS WILL DESCRIBE HOW GRADIENT (SLOPES), HOLES & RIVERS ARE SHOWN ON TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS .

2. Do now: State the rules of contour lines and connect lines 5,15,25,35,45

3. Benchmarks (BM) – points whose exact elevation is recorded, even though they are NOT contour lines.

4. Exact Elevation of a Peak
Exact elevations are shown by a X or a , followed by the elevation itself.
Exact Elevation:
178 feet
178

5. Earth is NOT flat and smooth!

6. Earth has high places (mountains & hills) and flat places (plains).

7. Earth has“holes” & rivers in it!

8. A typical flat map cannot show Earth’s different elevations (hills, mountains, valleys etc)

9. L.O: SWBAT explain why we use topographic maps.
Today, we will learn how different gradients (slopes), holes and rivers are represented on a topographic map
L.O: SWBAT explain why we use topographic maps.

10. Hills and Mountains
Contour lines that form closed circles indicate the presence of a hilltop or the peak of a mountain.

11. How many hills/mountains do you see?

12. mountains & hills have steep slopes
“slope” (gradient): how tilted a landscape is.
What do you notice?
Flat plains or low hills have a gentle slope

13. gentle slope
Steep slope

14. Closely Spaced Contours
Steeper Slope (Gradient) – contour lines are closer together.

15. Gradual/Gentle Slope (Gradient) – contour lines are farther apart.
Wide Spaced Contours
Gradual/Gentle Slope (Gradient) – contour lines are farther apart.

16. Side View
Top View (Map)
Gentle
Steep
Gentle
Slope

19. Widely separated contour lines show a gentle slope
Close together contour lines show a steep slope.
Widely separated contour lines show a gentle slope

20. Earth has holes in it!

21. Depressions
Depressions are bowl-shaped indentions in the earth. (Ex. Craters, quarries)
Special “hachured” contour lines (dashed lines )show these on a map.
The elevation of the first depression contour is the same as the lowest regular contour near it.
Meteor Crater – Arizona (NASA picture)

22. Each time you have another hatch mark you continue to go down in elevation!

23. Rules for Contours
5) The lowest possible elevation for a depression is “1” more than what the next contour “should” be.
The lowest possible elevation of a depression is just above the value of  the next line that is not shown 90 90 51 80 70 60 50

25. 100
100 50

26. Stream Flow Streams flow opposite the bend in contour lines.
Streams always flow downhill!!!
400 ft
300 ft
200 ft
100 ft
Hoh River – Washington State

27. The V’s bend (point) to where the river comes from.
The river came from here!

28. DRAW ARROWS ON THE MAP TO WHERE THE STREAM
400
DRAW ARROWS ON THE MAP TO WHERE THE STREAM
CAME
FROM
Hill
700
600
500
400
300
200
100 N S W E
Ocean

29. Contour Lines Provide Important Information About:
The shape of the land (Hills, valleys, etc.)
Elevation
The slope of the land (Steepness)
The direction of stream flow
THESE TOPICS ALWAYS SHOW UP ON THE REGENTS IN SOME FORM

30. LETS PRACTICE!!!!!!!!

31. Which side of this hill has a steeper slope?
What evidence supports your answer?
Which side of this hill has a gentler slope?

32. C 40 60 20
140
100
160 D
120 60 80 A 40 20 B
Ocean N S W E 1 2
Miles

33. COMPLETE YOUR CROSSWORD PUZZLE THEN HAND IT IN!