1. Cyclic nucleotides and vasoconstrictor function: physiological and pathophysiological considerations 
Mark S Taylor, A.Marie McMahon, Jason D Gardner, Joseph N Benoit 
Pathophysiology 
Volume 5, Issue 4, Pages (January 1999)
DOI: /S (98)

2. Fig. 1
Key cellular events associated with pharmacomechanical and electromechanical coupling. Note that L-type Ca2+ channels (L) can be activated by either pathway. Dotted lines indicate inhibitory effects. (Abbreviations: SOC, store-operated Ca2+ channels; ROC, receptor-operated Ca2+ channels; R, G-protein coupled receptor; PLA2, phospholipase A2; PLC, phospholipase C; PC, phosphatidylcholine; AA, arachidonic acid; PIP2, phosphatidylinsitol 4,5-bisphosphate; DAG, 1,2-diacylglycerol; PKC, protein kinase C; IP3, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate; IP3R, IP3 receptor; RyR, ryanodine receptor; Cam, calmodulin; MLCK, myosin light chain kinase; MLCP, myosin light chain phosphatase; SERCA, sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase; CaP, calponin; CaD, caldesmon; A, actin; M, myosin).
Pathophysiology 1999 5, DOI: ( /S (98) )

3. Fig. 2
Schematic representation of cyclic nucleotide mechanisms of action in vascular smooth muscle cells. The extracellular signals (agonists), plasma membrane receptors and intracellular components involved in cAMP and cGMP mediated events are shown. Arrows blocked by a positive sign (+) indicate a stimulatory effect, whereas those blocked by a negative sign (−), indicate inhibition. Important elements for contractile regulation include: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), L-type Ca2+ channel (L), plasma membrane K+ channel (K), phospholamban (Plb), Ca2+-ATPase pump (SERCA) and MLCK. Important elements for regulation of relaxation include: Nitric oxide (NO), Atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP), adenylyl cyclase (AC), membrane-bound guanylyl cyclase (GCm), cystolic guanylyl cyclase (GCc), guanosine triphosphate (GTP), 3′, 5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 3′, 5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP), myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and phosphodiesterases 3 (PDE3), 4 (PDE4) and 5 (PDE5).
Pathophysiology 1999 5, DOI: ( /S (98) )