1. CONTROL
A process of measuring and correcting subordinates performance to achieve organizational objectives.

2. Control process Consists of 4 steps as follows;
1. Set performance standards
This is done during the planning process. It includes goals and objectives established during the planning process.
2. Measure actual performance
This involves continuous monitoring and gathering of data for actual performance.

3. Control Process cont...
3. Evaluation of deviations
The comparison of actual performance against the set standards.
It also involves the calculation of deviation
4. Take corrective action
This may mean changes in one or more activities or standards already set.

4. Significance of control
Leads to standardised actions
Helps prevent malpractice.
It evaluates top management efficiency in planning
Ensures effective use of authority delegated to subordinates.

5. Types of control Pre-action
This refers to control before an activity takes place.
It aims at ensuring that sufficient resources are budgeted for before any action could be undertaken.

6. Types of control cont... Steering control
This takes place while work is in progress.
Based on personal observations and policies to identify deviations.

7. Types of control cont... Post action
control after activities have been completed, it is result oriented.
Reasons for deviations are identified and used for solving future problems.
It provides managers with meaningful information on how effective their planning effort was.

8. Types of control cont... Screening control
Monitors the progress of certain activities whereby approvals have to be made before executing the next phase.

9. Factors determining the type of control system
Size of an organization
Degree of decentralisation
Significance of activity
Organizational culture
Organizational position.