1. Grouping & Identifying Living Things
Classification
Grouping & Identifying Living Things

2. Why classify?
It is an ordered way of describing similar living things that can be recognised world wide.
The largest group is the KINGDOM of which there are 5.These share similar features e.g. plants are green and carry out photosynthesis.
Each Kingdom is subdivided in PHYLA (single:PHYLUM) e.g. Chordata (backbone)

3. Each Phylum is divided into a CLASS (e.g. Mammalia)
Then comes
ORDER (e.g. Carnivora)
FAMILY (e.g. Felidae)
GENUS (e.g. Panthera)
SPECIES ( e.g. Panthera Leo)

4. Binomial System
There are many types of similar animals in the world e.g. the MONGOOSE can be meerkat, Suricate or Sun Angel.
To avoid confusion about each species they are given a scientific names using the Bionomial System (which means 2 names)
The first name is the GENUS (family name) and the 2nd is the TRIVIAL name that applies to 1 species.
E.g. Human is HOMO SAPIEN
Lion is PANTERA LEO
Cholera bacteria is VIBRIO CHOLERAE

5. Classifying Living Things
We put livings things into two large groups:
Animals
Plants

6. Animals Animals are spilt into two major groups: Vertebrates
Invertebrates

7. Vertebrates These are animals with a backbone.
There are five groups of vertebrates:
Amphibians
Birds
Fish
Mammals
Reptiles

8. Amphibians Have moist skin Lay jelly coated eggs in water
Lives on land and returns to water to breed water
Fertilisation is external
Breath using lungs on land and through skin in water

9. Birds Have feathers and hollow bones Lay hard shelled eggs
Warm blooded (homeothermic)
Front limbs modified as wings
Beak is light and has no bone or teeth

10. Fish Have wet scales covered in mucus for streamlining
Lays eggs in water
Lives in water
Fins for swimming and balance
Have a lateral line for detecting vibrations and pressure

11. Mammals Have hair or fur and females produce milk to suckle young
Give birth to live well developed offspring (no eggs)
Warm blooded
Mouth contains a variety of teeth for varied diets

12. Reptiles Have dry scales to reduce water loss
Fertilisation is internal but development is external
Lay leathery waterproof shelled eggs
Cold blooded so often bask in the sun to raise body temperature

13. Summary of Vertebrates

14. Invertebrates These are animals without a backbone
There are eight groups of invertebrates
Molluscs
Flatworms
Annelids
Roundworms
Sponges
Echinoderms
Cnidarians
Arthropods

15. Molluscs Crawl on a single fleshy pad called a foot.
Can have a shell hardened by calcium carbonate.
Mouthparts designed to scrape vegetation on land

16. Flatworms Have flat worm like bodies
Usually have “hooked” mouthparts to attach to a host

17. Annelids ( segmented worm)
Have round worm like bodies with a mucus layer
Have bodies divided into segments
Chitae (bristles) found on each segment for movement
Clitellum (saddle) to bind 2 worms together during reproduction
Pointed front end for biting leaves and helping movement through soil

18. Roundworms( Nematodes)
Have long thin round worm like bodies so not washed from hosts system
Have bodies with no segments
Body covered in mucus to prevent attack by hosts digestive juices

19. Sponges
Have bodies made of loosely joined cells

20. Echinoderms Have bodies divided into five parts
Have spiny outer covering

21. Cnidarians(jellyfish)
Have thin sack like bodies
Have tentacles

22. Arthropods Have lots of legs and segmented bodies.
There are four group of arthropods:
Arachnids
Centipedes & Millipedes
Crustaceans
Insects

23. Arachnid Have four pairs of legs attached to cephalothorax
Have bodies divided into two sections cephalothorax and abdomen
Spinneret which produces long thin strands of silk
Powerful jaws

24. Myriapods – Centipedes & Millipedes
Have long thin bodies and pairs of legs on each of their many body sections
Mouthparts are modified legs hardened for biting
Hard exoskeleton
Antennae are sense organs

25. Crustacean Have five-seven pairs of legs
First pair often used as pincers
Bodies covered in a thick shell called a carapace
2 pairs of antennae and compound eyes
Many have gills under their shells

26. Insects Have three pairs of legs Bodies divided into three sections
Often have wings
Breathe through holes called Spiracles in the abdomen
1 pair of antennae and compound eyes
Covered in a waterproof cuticle to reduce water loss