1. Immune modulation by neuronal electric shock waves
Kazuhiro Suzuki, MD, PhD, Akiko Nakai, DVM, PhD 
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 
Volume 141, Issue 6, Pages (June 2018)
DOI: /j.jaci
Copyright © 2018 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Proposed action of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Efferent signals in the vagus nerve are transmitted to neurons that project their axons in the splenic nerve. Action potentials lead to release of noradrenaline (NE) from splenic nerve termini, which induce release of acetylcholine (ACh) from a subset of CD4+ T cells. ACh binds to the nicotinic ACh receptor subunit α7 (α7nAChR) expressed on macrophages to suppress their secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Electrical stimulation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is being applied to the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /j.jaci )
Copyright © 2018 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions