1. Indian Act
Social Studies 9

2. Collective Rights
Collective rights belong to groups of people and are a part of Canada’s constitution
Aboriginals, Anglophones, and Francophones hold collective rights
Collective rights recognize the founding peoples of Canada

3. Numbered Treaties
The Numbered Treaties are historic agreements that affect the rights and identity of some First Nations in Canada
The Royal Proclamation recognized First Nations’ rights to land, and established the principle of making treaties through peaceful negotiation
First Nations wanted to share their lands and resources in peace
Numbered Treaties to the First Nations are sacred and define them from past to future
In the USA Natives and Americans fought violently (Little Big Horn)

4. Numbered Treaties Treaties were negotiated for many reasons
Canada wanted to link from east to west… BC would not join confederation without the CPR
Avoid War
First Nations wanted to secure their future (small pox, social disorder, eradication of the buffalo)
The Royal Proclamation

5. Numbered Treaties
First Nations agreed to share their lands and resources in peace
Canada’s government agreed to terms covering First Nations’ education, reserves, and money
The terms differ from Treaty to Treaty

7. Numbered Treaties
For First Nations, the Numbered Treaties are sacred, nation to nation agreements, and cannot be changed without their permission
Not all First Nations people signed Treaties

8. Indian Act
Created in 1876
The act allows the federal government to develop specific policies to administer Treaty rights to First Nations
The act created “Indian Agents” who made individual decisions

9. Indian Act The act defines who is a “status Indian” with Treaty rights
The act originally aimed to assimilate First Nations peoples
The act defined how to conduct affairs
It restricted their rights
The act remains in force today

10. Indian Act Amendments
In 1985, parliament attempted to bring the act in alignment with the Charter
Three principles:
Removal of discrimination
Restoring status and membership rights
Increasing control of own affairs

11. Indian Act Amendments
Latest attempt was in 2002, but First Nations rejected the attempt
Read the article on pg. 138 and complete the spot and respond on the same page