1. Descent With Modification: A Darwinian View of Life
Chapter 22
Descent With Modification:
A Darwinian View of Life

2. I. The History Of Evolutionary Thought
A. Early Scientists:
1.________ -Scala naturae-ladder
2.Natural _________ (1700’s) perfect species designed by God.(adaptations proved perfection)
3._______ ( ) founded _______, the science of naming and classifying organisms according to their pattern of creation.

3. 4.Cuvier ( ) founded the science of ___________ as he documented the succession of fossil specimens around Paris. He believed in __________, the idea that the layers of the earth corresponded to major catastrophes.

4. 5.________ (1726-97) proposed ____________--slow erosive processes shaped the earth.
6._____ ( ) proposed uniformitarianism--geology must be explained by current processes (erosion, mountain building)

5. 7.__________( ) theory of evolution based on the faulty ideas of “use and disuse” and “inheritance of acquired traits”.

6. B. ______ ________(1809-1882), The Father of Evolutionary Theory.
1.His voyage on the _______
altered his perspective:
Noticed great diversity
Organisms in S. America
resembled W. African organisms.
Saw fossils
Studied Galapagos animals.
Read Lyell’s book.

7. 2.Wrote the book, On the Origin of Species.
3.Coined the phrase, “_______ ___ ________”, to mean that all organisms are related and evolved from __________ ancestors.

8. C.Darwin’s Theory:
1._____________ is differential reproductive success.
2.N.S. occurs through the __________ between the environment and the variation amongst individuals.
3.________ to the environment is the result of N.S.

9. 4. ________________ , farmers selecting for desirable traits, lent evidence to Darwin’s theory:
All these vegetables have a common ancestor: wild mustard, A.S. has allowed farmers to produce the variety seen here.

10. D.Some important points:
1.____________ acts on a _________, not on individuals!
2.Evolution can only act on ________ variations.

11. The best theories are supported by multiple lines of _______, have a __________ explanation and are ____________.
1._________:fossils, molecular biology, comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, biogeography
2.______ ___________:(Mechanisms)
a.Natural Selection
b.Mutation
3._______ ________:Ability to make predictions from available evidence.

12. II. Evidence of Evolution
A. _______ Evidence:
Predation in guppies results in drab color…
Appearance of new viruses and bacteria

13. B. The ___________ is consistent with other lines of evidence and provides predictable evidence.

14. C. Evidence from homology and convergent evolution also support evolution.
1.__________structures are modified for different functions but have similar anatomy.

15. 2. ________ organs are anatomical structures that serve no purpose
2.________ organs are anatomical structures that serve no purpose. They are primary proofs of evolution because they show that old useless genes are still around.

16. 3. __________ provide some of the most compelling evidence for evolution.
The Panda’s Thumb…

17. 4.___________ evolution explains how distantly related species may resemble each other. Structure may be ____________, not homologous(wing of a butterfly/bird)

18. D.Studies of ____________, the geographical distribution of species, lends further evidence.
Continental drift explains a lot!
Endemic species are found in one place only!

19. E. Comparative ___________ shows that closely related organisms undergo similar _______________ development.

20. F. ________________ have predictive power and strongly support evolutionary biology.
1.__________ language of DNA/RNA
2.Evolutionary _____________ among species are reflected in their DNA and the ____________ produced from it.