1. Optics

2. External Eye

3. Eye Globe

4. Eye Structures Cornea – clear window, refracts light
Anterior Chamber – contains aqueous humor that nourishes cornea
Iris – controls amount of light

5. Eye Structures
Posterior Chamber – contains aqueous humor that nourishes cornea
Lens – refracts light
Vitreous Humor – maintains eyeball shape

6. Eye Layers Sclera – protection (clear front is cornea)
Choroid – vascular layer
Retina – nerve layer
- Macula Lutea
- Fovea
- Optic disk

7. Eye Structures
Retina – changes light energy into chemical energy and then electrical energy
Rods – black/white vision
Cones – color vision: red, blue, green

8. Flow of Light
Cornea
Anterior Chamber
Pupil
Lens
Vitreous Humor
Retina

9. Bending Light Terms Refraction – bending light
Concave – surface with negative curve
Convex – surface with positive curve

10. Ophthalmic to Optometric
Sphere – add sphere and cylinder
Cylinder – change sign
Axis – Add 90 if 90 or less, subtract 90 if greater than 90

11. Lensometer Determine lens prescription
Line up vertical and horizontal lines

12. Major Disorders
Glaucoma – increased internal pressure due to obstruction in aqueous humor flow
Cataract – cloudy lens
Detached Retina – separation of retina from choroid layer

13. Major Disorders Conjunctivitis – inflammation of lining of eyelids
Macular Degeneration – loss of central vision
Strabismus – eyes do not track together

14. Surgical Interventions
Radial Keratotomy – incisions in cornea to correct myopia
Lasix – reshaping inside of cornea
Scleral Buckle – band to hold retina in place