1. Memory notes 9-6 (obj 14-17)

2. 1.) Retrieval: Getting Information Out
a.) Retrieval refers to getting information out of the memory store.
OBJECTIVE 14| Contrast the recall, recognition, and relearning measures of memory.

3. b.) In recognition, the person must identify an item amongst other choices. (A multiple-choice test requires recognition.)
Name the capital of France.
Brussels
Rome
London
Paris

4. c. ) In recall, the person must retrieve information using effort
c.) In recall, the person must retrieve information using effort. (A fill-in-the blank test requires recall.)
The capital of France is ______.

5. d.) In relearning, the individual shows how much time (or effort) is saved when learning material for the second time.
List
Jet
Dagger
Tree
Kite …
Silk
Frog
Ring
List
Jet
Dagger
Tree
Kite …
Silk
Frog
Ring
Original
Trials
Relearning
Trials
1 day later
Saving
X 100
Relearning
Trials 10 5
X 100 10
It took 10 trials
to learn this list
It took 5 trials
to learn the list
50%

6. 2.) Retrieval Cues
a.) Memories are held in storage by a web of associations. These associations are like anchors that help retrieve memory.
water
smell
hose
Fire Truck
fire
OBJECTIVE 15| Explain how retrieval cues help us access stored memories, and describe the process of priming.
smoke
truck
heat
red

7. b.) To retrieve a specific memory from the web of associations, you must first activate one of the strands that leads to it. This process is called priming.

8. c. ) Déja Vu means “I've experienced this before
c.) Déja Vu means “I've experienced this before.” Cues from the current situation may unconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier similar experience.

9. 3.) Context Effects
After learning to move a mobile by kicking, infants most strongly respond when retested in the same context rather than in a different context (Butler & Rovee-Collier, 1989).
OBJECTIVE 16| Cite some ways that context can affect retrieval.

10. 4.) Moods and Memories
a.) We usually recall experiences that are consistent with our current mood. Emotions, or moods, serve as retrieval cues.
OBJECTIVE 17| Describe the effects of internal states on retrieval.