1. UNDERSTANDING MANAGEMENT CONTEXT Chapter two

2. LEARNING OUTCOMES Contrast/ differences the actions of managers according to the omnipotent/power and symbolic/actions views. Contrast/ differences the actions of managers according to the omnipotent/power and symbolic/actions views. Describe the constraints/controls and challenges facing managers in today’s external environment. Describe the constraints/controls and challenges facing managers in today’s external environment. Discuss the characteristics/behave and important of organizational culture. Discuss the characteristics/behave and important of organizational culture. Describe current issues in organizational culture. Describe current issues in organizational culture.

3. THE OMNIPOTENT VIEW: The dominant view in a management theory and society in generally is that managers directly responsible for an organizations success or failure. We call this perspective the omnipotent view.

4. THE SYMBOLIC VIEW In contrast, others have argued that much of an organization’s success or failure is due to external forces outside manager’s control. This perspective is called the symbolic view of management. In contrast, others have argued that much of an organization’s success or failure is due to external forces outside manager’s control. This perspective is called the symbolic view of management.